Paschen–Back effect modulation of SO4 2- hydration in magnetized electrolyte toward dendrite-free Zn-ion batteries

Abstract Tuning anionic solvation structures and dynamic processes at solid–liquid interfaces is critical yet challenging for stabilizing Zn metal negative electrodes in Zn-ion batteries, particularly due to the issue of dendrite formation and hydrogen evolution reaction. Here, we show that highly h...

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Main Authors: Xiayan Yao, Zhi Wang, Jianwei Guo, Guoyu Qian, Hongchen Wang, Xuzhong Gong, Dong Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61310-2
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author Xiayan Yao
Zhi Wang
Jianwei Guo
Guoyu Qian
Hongchen Wang
Xuzhong Gong
Dong Wang
author_facet Xiayan Yao
Zhi Wang
Jianwei Guo
Guoyu Qian
Hongchen Wang
Xuzhong Gong
Dong Wang
author_sort Xiayan Yao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Tuning anionic solvation structures and dynamic processes at solid–liquid interfaces is critical yet challenging for stabilizing Zn metal negative electrodes in Zn-ion batteries, particularly due to the issue of dendrite formation and hydrogen evolution reaction. Here, we show that highly hydrated SO4 2- can be effectively modulated under a strong magnetic field via the Paschen–Back effect on O-H vibrations, which reorients individual water molecules to manipulate Zn2+ solvation and protonated water clusters (H3O+). Molecular dynamics simulations and in situ Raman spectroscopy reveal that the hydrated SO4 2-–H2O complexes promote Zn2+ nucleation and deposition on the (002) plane, with preferential oxygen adsorption inhibiting two-dimensional Zn2+ diffusion. Moreover, magnetizing the electrolyte disrupts the Grotthuss proton-transfer pathway, suppressing H2 evolution and further reducing dendrite formation. By employing inexpensive permanent magnets without external power, this magnetization strategy offers a practical, energy-efficient route to enhance both the stability and performance of zinc-based rechargeable batteries.
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institution DOAJ
issn 2041-1723
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publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Nature Communications
spelling doaj-art-62baa8df88e047c5b36c7722abd8a3872025-08-20T03:03:33ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111710.1038/s41467-025-61310-2Paschen–Back effect modulation of SO4 2- hydration in magnetized electrolyte toward dendrite-free Zn-ion batteriesXiayan Yao0Zhi Wang1Jianwei Guo2Guoyu Qian3Hongchen Wang4Xuzhong Gong5Dong Wang6National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesNational Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesNational Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesNational Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesNational Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesNational Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesNational Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesAbstract Tuning anionic solvation structures and dynamic processes at solid–liquid interfaces is critical yet challenging for stabilizing Zn metal negative electrodes in Zn-ion batteries, particularly due to the issue of dendrite formation and hydrogen evolution reaction. Here, we show that highly hydrated SO4 2- can be effectively modulated under a strong magnetic field via the Paschen–Back effect on O-H vibrations, which reorients individual water molecules to manipulate Zn2+ solvation and protonated water clusters (H3O+). Molecular dynamics simulations and in situ Raman spectroscopy reveal that the hydrated SO4 2-–H2O complexes promote Zn2+ nucleation and deposition on the (002) plane, with preferential oxygen adsorption inhibiting two-dimensional Zn2+ diffusion. Moreover, magnetizing the electrolyte disrupts the Grotthuss proton-transfer pathway, suppressing H2 evolution and further reducing dendrite formation. By employing inexpensive permanent magnets without external power, this magnetization strategy offers a practical, energy-efficient route to enhance both the stability and performance of zinc-based rechargeable batteries.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61310-2
spellingShingle Xiayan Yao
Zhi Wang
Jianwei Guo
Guoyu Qian
Hongchen Wang
Xuzhong Gong
Dong Wang
Paschen–Back effect modulation of SO4 2- hydration in magnetized electrolyte toward dendrite-free Zn-ion batteries
Nature Communications
title Paschen–Back effect modulation of SO4 2- hydration in magnetized electrolyte toward dendrite-free Zn-ion batteries
title_full Paschen–Back effect modulation of SO4 2- hydration in magnetized electrolyte toward dendrite-free Zn-ion batteries
title_fullStr Paschen–Back effect modulation of SO4 2- hydration in magnetized electrolyte toward dendrite-free Zn-ion batteries
title_full_unstemmed Paschen–Back effect modulation of SO4 2- hydration in magnetized electrolyte toward dendrite-free Zn-ion batteries
title_short Paschen–Back effect modulation of SO4 2- hydration in magnetized electrolyte toward dendrite-free Zn-ion batteries
title_sort paschen back effect modulation of so4 2 hydration in magnetized electrolyte toward dendrite free zn ion batteries
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61310-2
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