Paschen–Back effect modulation of SO4 2- hydration in magnetized electrolyte toward dendrite-free Zn-ion batteries

Abstract Tuning anionic solvation structures and dynamic processes at solid–liquid interfaces is critical yet challenging for stabilizing Zn metal negative electrodes in Zn-ion batteries, particularly due to the issue of dendrite formation and hydrogen evolution reaction. Here, we show that highly h...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xiayan Yao, Zhi Wang, Jianwei Guo, Guoyu Qian, Hongchen Wang, Xuzhong Gong, Dong Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61310-2
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Summary:Abstract Tuning anionic solvation structures and dynamic processes at solid–liquid interfaces is critical yet challenging for stabilizing Zn metal negative electrodes in Zn-ion batteries, particularly due to the issue of dendrite formation and hydrogen evolution reaction. Here, we show that highly hydrated SO4 2- can be effectively modulated under a strong magnetic field via the Paschen–Back effect on O-H vibrations, which reorients individual water molecules to manipulate Zn2+ solvation and protonated water clusters (H3O+). Molecular dynamics simulations and in situ Raman spectroscopy reveal that the hydrated SO4 2-–H2O complexes promote Zn2+ nucleation and deposition on the (002) plane, with preferential oxygen adsorption inhibiting two-dimensional Zn2+ diffusion. Moreover, magnetizing the electrolyte disrupts the Grotthuss proton-transfer pathway, suppressing H2 evolution and further reducing dendrite formation. By employing inexpensive permanent magnets without external power, this magnetization strategy offers a practical, energy-efficient route to enhance both the stability and performance of zinc-based rechargeable batteries.
ISSN:2041-1723