Reconstruction of Tokamak Plasma Emissivity Distribution by Approximation with Basis Functions

The present study focuses on the development of a diagnostic system for measuring radiated power and core soft X-ray intensity emissions with the goal of detecting a broad spectrum of photon energies emitted from the central plasma region of the DEMO tokamak. The principal objective of the diagnosti...

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Main Authors: Tomasz Czarski, Maryna Chernyshova, Katarzyna Mikszuta-Michalik, Karol Malinowski
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/3162
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author Tomasz Czarski
Maryna Chernyshova
Katarzyna Mikszuta-Michalik
Karol Malinowski
author_facet Tomasz Czarski
Maryna Chernyshova
Katarzyna Mikszuta-Michalik
Karol Malinowski
author_sort Tomasz Czarski
collection DOAJ
description The present study focuses on the development of a diagnostic system for measuring radiated power and core soft X-ray intensity emissions with the goal of detecting a broad spectrum of photon energies emitted from the central plasma region of the DEMO tokamak. The principal objective of the diagnostic apparatus is to deliver a comprehensive characterization of the radiation emitted by the plasma, with a particular focus on estimating the radiated power from the core region. This measurement is essential for determining and monitoring the power crossing the separatrix, which is a critical parameter controlling overall plasma performance. Since diagnostics rely on line-integrated measurements, the application of tomographic reconstruction techniques is necessary to extract spatially resolved information on core plasma radiation. This contribution presents the development of numerical algorithms addressing the problem of radiation tomography reconstruction. A robust and computationally efficient method is proposed for reconstructing the spatial distribution of plasma radiated power, with a view toward enabling real-time applications. The reconstruction methodology is based on a linear model formulated using a set of predefined basis functions, which define the radiation distribution within a specified plasma cross-section. In the initial stages of emissivity reconstruction in tokamak plasmas, it is typically assumed that the radiation distribution is dependent on magnetic flux surfaces. As a baseline approach, the plasma radiative properties are considered invariant along these surfaces and can thus be represented as one-dimensional profiles parameterized by the poloidal magnetic flux. Within this framework, the reconstruction method employs an approximation model utilizing three sets of basis functions: (i) polynomial splines, as well as Gaussian functions with (ii) sigma parameters and (iii) position parameters. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated using two synthetic radiated power emission phantoms, developed for the DEMO plasma scenario. The results indicate that the method is effective under the specified conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-629ec8eee75a443a8fa8dd12d6298a8b2025-08-20T01:56:39ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-05-012510316210.3390/s25103162Reconstruction of Tokamak Plasma Emissivity Distribution by Approximation with Basis FunctionsTomasz Czarski0Maryna Chernyshova1Katarzyna Mikszuta-Michalik2Karol Malinowski3Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery 23, 01-497 Warsaw, PolandNational Centre for Nuclear Research, Andrzeja Sołtana 7, 05-400 Otwock, PolandInstitute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery 23, 01-497 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery 23, 01-497 Warsaw, PolandThe present study focuses on the development of a diagnostic system for measuring radiated power and core soft X-ray intensity emissions with the goal of detecting a broad spectrum of photon energies emitted from the central plasma region of the DEMO tokamak. The principal objective of the diagnostic apparatus is to deliver a comprehensive characterization of the radiation emitted by the plasma, with a particular focus on estimating the radiated power from the core region. This measurement is essential for determining and monitoring the power crossing the separatrix, which is a critical parameter controlling overall plasma performance. Since diagnostics rely on line-integrated measurements, the application of tomographic reconstruction techniques is necessary to extract spatially resolved information on core plasma radiation. This contribution presents the development of numerical algorithms addressing the problem of radiation tomography reconstruction. A robust and computationally efficient method is proposed for reconstructing the spatial distribution of plasma radiated power, with a view toward enabling real-time applications. The reconstruction methodology is based on a linear model formulated using a set of predefined basis functions, which define the radiation distribution within a specified plasma cross-section. In the initial stages of emissivity reconstruction in tokamak plasmas, it is typically assumed that the radiation distribution is dependent on magnetic flux surfaces. As a baseline approach, the plasma radiative properties are considered invariant along these surfaces and can thus be represented as one-dimensional profiles parameterized by the poloidal magnetic flux. Within this framework, the reconstruction method employs an approximation model utilizing three sets of basis functions: (i) polynomial splines, as well as Gaussian functions with (ii) sigma parameters and (iii) position parameters. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated using two synthetic radiated power emission phantoms, developed for the DEMO plasma scenario. The results indicate that the method is effective under the specified conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/3162plasma diagnosticsX-ray tomographybasis functions approach
spellingShingle Tomasz Czarski
Maryna Chernyshova
Katarzyna Mikszuta-Michalik
Karol Malinowski
Reconstruction of Tokamak Plasma Emissivity Distribution by Approximation with Basis Functions
Sensors
plasma diagnostics
X-ray tomography
basis functions approach
title Reconstruction of Tokamak Plasma Emissivity Distribution by Approximation with Basis Functions
title_full Reconstruction of Tokamak Plasma Emissivity Distribution by Approximation with Basis Functions
title_fullStr Reconstruction of Tokamak Plasma Emissivity Distribution by Approximation with Basis Functions
title_full_unstemmed Reconstruction of Tokamak Plasma Emissivity Distribution by Approximation with Basis Functions
title_short Reconstruction of Tokamak Plasma Emissivity Distribution by Approximation with Basis Functions
title_sort reconstruction of tokamak plasma emissivity distribution by approximation with basis functions
topic plasma diagnostics
X-ray tomography
basis functions approach
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/10/3162
work_keys_str_mv AT tomaszczarski reconstructionoftokamakplasmaemissivitydistributionbyapproximationwithbasisfunctions
AT marynachernyshova reconstructionoftokamakplasmaemissivitydistributionbyapproximationwithbasisfunctions
AT katarzynamikszutamichalik reconstructionoftokamakplasmaemissivitydistributionbyapproximationwithbasisfunctions
AT karolmalinowski reconstructionoftokamakplasmaemissivitydistributionbyapproximationwithbasisfunctions