Anthelmintic activity on Haemonchus contortus and toxicity of benzoyl-carvacrol: a study in vitro, in silico and in vivo

Abstract Carvacrol is isolated from essential oils and possesses activity against gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants. Benzoylation has been proposed to improve its pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the ovicidal activity of benzoy...

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Main Authors: Andreza Pereira Braga, José Vilemar de Araújo Filho, Matheus Luiggi Freitas Barbosa, Raphael Ferreira Oliveira, Daniela Ribeiro Alves, Wildson Max Barbosa da Silva, Matheus Nunes da Rocha, Emmanuel Silva Marinho, Márcia Machado Marinho, Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro, Selene Maia de Morais, Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua, Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira
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Language:English
Published: Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria 2025-03-01
Series:Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária
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Online Access:http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-29612025000200800&tlng=en
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author Andreza Pereira Braga
José Vilemar de Araújo Filho
Matheus Luiggi Freitas Barbosa
Raphael Ferreira Oliveira
Daniela Ribeiro Alves
Wildson Max Barbosa da Silva
Matheus Nunes da Rocha
Emmanuel Silva Marinho
Márcia Machado Marinho
Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro
Selene Maia de Morais
Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua
Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira
author_facet Andreza Pereira Braga
José Vilemar de Araújo Filho
Matheus Luiggi Freitas Barbosa
Raphael Ferreira Oliveira
Daniela Ribeiro Alves
Wildson Max Barbosa da Silva
Matheus Nunes da Rocha
Emmanuel Silva Marinho
Márcia Machado Marinho
Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro
Selene Maia de Morais
Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua
Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira
author_sort Andreza Pereira Braga
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Carvacrol is isolated from essential oils and possesses activity against gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants. Benzoylation has been proposed to improve its pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the ovicidal activity of benzoyl-carvacrol (BC) against Haemonchus contortus, the in silico interaction of BC with the β-tubulin protein and the toxicity of this compound. Carvacrol was subjected to benzoylation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The activity of BC and carvacrol was evaluated against H. contortus in the egg hatching test. The in silico study was based on molecular docking with the β-tubulin and thiabendazole used as control. The acute toxicity test was performed with BC and carvacrol by up-and-down procedure (limit test: 2,000 mg/kg) in Wistar rats. GC/MS confirmed the benzoylation. BC and carvacrol inhibited egg hatching by 99.70 and 98.89% at concentrations of 3.16 and 1 mg/mL, respectively, and interacted with β-tubulin. No mortality was caused by compounds, but rats treated with carvacrol demonstrated intoxication signs. These findings indicated that BC showed effect on H. contortus and can potentially interact with β-tubulin of nematodes in addition to presenting toxicological safety in laboratory animals.
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spelling doaj-art-6294e07a1dd84673ba46bfb2f6a0c0412025-08-20T02:53:34ZengColégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia VeterinariaRevista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária1984-29612025-03-0134210.1590/s1984-29612025009Anthelmintic activity on Haemonchus contortus and toxicity of benzoyl-carvacrol: a study in vitro, in silico and in vivoAndreza Pereira Bragahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2095-3613José Vilemar de Araújo Filhohttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8072-9429Matheus Luiggi Freitas Barbosahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4340-7076Raphael Ferreira Oliveirahttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-5353-8503Daniela Ribeiro Alveshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0746-2211Wildson Max Barbosa da Silvahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4494-7605Matheus Nunes da Rochahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0929-4565Emmanuel Silva Marinhohttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4774-8775Márcia Machado Marinhohttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7640-2220Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeirohttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2784-0013Selene Maia de Moraishttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-3790Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaquahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0159-4184Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveirahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2207-8402Abstract Carvacrol is isolated from essential oils and possesses activity against gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants. Benzoylation has been proposed to improve its pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the ovicidal activity of benzoyl-carvacrol (BC) against Haemonchus contortus, the in silico interaction of BC with the β-tubulin protein and the toxicity of this compound. Carvacrol was subjected to benzoylation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The activity of BC and carvacrol was evaluated against H. contortus in the egg hatching test. The in silico study was based on molecular docking with the β-tubulin and thiabendazole used as control. The acute toxicity test was performed with BC and carvacrol by up-and-down procedure (limit test: 2,000 mg/kg) in Wistar rats. GC/MS confirmed the benzoylation. BC and carvacrol inhibited egg hatching by 99.70 and 98.89% at concentrations of 3.16 and 1 mg/mL, respectively, and interacted with β-tubulin. No mortality was caused by compounds, but rats treated with carvacrol demonstrated intoxication signs. These findings indicated that BC showed effect on H. contortus and can potentially interact with β-tubulin of nematodes in addition to presenting toxicological safety in laboratory animals.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-29612025000200800&tlng=enCarvacrolbenzoylationβ-tubulintoxicological safetygastrointestinal nematodes
spellingShingle Andreza Pereira Braga
José Vilemar de Araújo Filho
Matheus Luiggi Freitas Barbosa
Raphael Ferreira Oliveira
Daniela Ribeiro Alves
Wildson Max Barbosa da Silva
Matheus Nunes da Rocha
Emmanuel Silva Marinho
Márcia Machado Marinho
Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro
Selene Maia de Morais
Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua
Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira
Anthelmintic activity on Haemonchus contortus and toxicity of benzoyl-carvacrol: a study in vitro, in silico and in vivo
Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária
Carvacrol
benzoylation
β-tubulin
toxicological safety
gastrointestinal nematodes
title Anthelmintic activity on Haemonchus contortus and toxicity of benzoyl-carvacrol: a study in vitro, in silico and in vivo
title_full Anthelmintic activity on Haemonchus contortus and toxicity of benzoyl-carvacrol: a study in vitro, in silico and in vivo
title_fullStr Anthelmintic activity on Haemonchus contortus and toxicity of benzoyl-carvacrol: a study in vitro, in silico and in vivo
title_full_unstemmed Anthelmintic activity on Haemonchus contortus and toxicity of benzoyl-carvacrol: a study in vitro, in silico and in vivo
title_short Anthelmintic activity on Haemonchus contortus and toxicity of benzoyl-carvacrol: a study in vitro, in silico and in vivo
title_sort anthelmintic activity on haemonchus contortus and toxicity of benzoyl carvacrol a study in vitro in silico and in vivo
topic Carvacrol
benzoylation
β-tubulin
toxicological safety
gastrointestinal nematodes
url http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-29612025000200800&tlng=en
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