Exploring how Sentinel-1 wet-snow maps can inform fully distributed physically based snowpack models
<p>Distributed energy and mass balance snowpack models at sub-kilometric scale have emerged as a tool for snow-hydrological forecasting over large areas. However, their development and evaluation often rely on a handful of well-observed sites on flat terrain with limited topographic representa...
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Copernicus Publications
2024-12-01
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| Series: | The Cryosphere |
| Online Access: | https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/18/5753/2024/tc-18-5753-2024.pdf |
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| author | B. Cluzet J. Magnusson L. Quéno G. Mazzotti G. Mazzotti R. Mott T. Jonas |
| author_facet | B. Cluzet J. Magnusson L. Quéno G. Mazzotti G. Mazzotti R. Mott T. Jonas |
| author_sort | B. Cluzet |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Distributed energy and mass balance snowpack models at sub-kilometric scale have emerged as a tool for snow-hydrological forecasting over large areas. However, their development and evaluation often rely on a handful of well-observed sites on flat terrain with limited topographic representativeness. Validation of such models over large scales in rugged terrain is therefore necessary. Remote sensing of wet snow has always been motivated by its potential utility in snow hydrology. However, its concrete potential to enhance physically based operational snowpack models in real time remains unproven. Wet-snow maps could potentially help refine the temporal accuracy of simulated snowmelt onset, while the information content of remotely sensed snow cover fraction (SCF) pertains predominantly to the ablation season. In this work, wet-snow maps derived from Sentinel-1 and SCF retrieval from Sentinel-2 are compared against model results from a fully distributed energy balance snow model (FSM2oshd). The comparative analysis spans the winter seasons from 2017 to 2021, focusing on the geographic region of Switzerland. We use the concept of wet-snow line (WSL) to compare Sentinel-1 wet-snow maps with simulations. We show that while the match of the model with flat-field snow depth observation is excellent, the WSL reveals a delayed snowmelt in the southern aspects. Amending the albedo parametrization within FSM2oshd allowed for the achievement of earlier melt in such aspects preferentially, thereby reducing WSL biases. Biases with respect to Sentinel-2 snow-line (SL) observations were also substantially reduced. These results suggest that wet-snow maps contain valuable real-time information for snowpack models, complementing flat-field snow depth observations well, particularly in complex terrain and at higher elevations. The persisting correlation between wet-snow-line and snow-line biases provides insights into refined development, tuning, and data assimilation methodologies for operational snow-hydrological modelling.</p> |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-628efb14d1124daca84d39ff53f20a18 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1994-0416 1994-0424 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Cryosphere |
| spelling | doaj-art-628efb14d1124daca84d39ff53f20a182025-08-20T02:39:08ZengCopernicus PublicationsThe Cryosphere1994-04161994-04242024-12-01185753576710.5194/tc-18-5753-2024Exploring how Sentinel-1 wet-snow maps can inform fully distributed physically based snowpack modelsB. Cluzet0J. Magnusson1L. Quéno2G. Mazzotti3G. Mazzotti4R. Mott5T. Jonas6WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF), Davos, SwitzerlandWSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF), Davos, SwitzerlandWSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF), Davos, SwitzerlandWSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF), Davos, SwitzerlandUniv. Grenoble Alpes, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, CNRM, Centre d'Études de la Neige, Grenoble, FranceWSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF), Davos, SwitzerlandWSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF), Davos, Switzerland<p>Distributed energy and mass balance snowpack models at sub-kilometric scale have emerged as a tool for snow-hydrological forecasting over large areas. However, their development and evaluation often rely on a handful of well-observed sites on flat terrain with limited topographic representativeness. Validation of such models over large scales in rugged terrain is therefore necessary. Remote sensing of wet snow has always been motivated by its potential utility in snow hydrology. However, its concrete potential to enhance physically based operational snowpack models in real time remains unproven. Wet-snow maps could potentially help refine the temporal accuracy of simulated snowmelt onset, while the information content of remotely sensed snow cover fraction (SCF) pertains predominantly to the ablation season. In this work, wet-snow maps derived from Sentinel-1 and SCF retrieval from Sentinel-2 are compared against model results from a fully distributed energy balance snow model (FSM2oshd). The comparative analysis spans the winter seasons from 2017 to 2021, focusing on the geographic region of Switzerland. We use the concept of wet-snow line (WSL) to compare Sentinel-1 wet-snow maps with simulations. We show that while the match of the model with flat-field snow depth observation is excellent, the WSL reveals a delayed snowmelt in the southern aspects. Amending the albedo parametrization within FSM2oshd allowed for the achievement of earlier melt in such aspects preferentially, thereby reducing WSL biases. Biases with respect to Sentinel-2 snow-line (SL) observations were also substantially reduced. These results suggest that wet-snow maps contain valuable real-time information for snowpack models, complementing flat-field snow depth observations well, particularly in complex terrain and at higher elevations. The persisting correlation between wet-snow-line and snow-line biases provides insights into refined development, tuning, and data assimilation methodologies for operational snow-hydrological modelling.</p>https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/18/5753/2024/tc-18-5753-2024.pdf |
| spellingShingle | B. Cluzet J. Magnusson L. Quéno G. Mazzotti G. Mazzotti R. Mott T. Jonas Exploring how Sentinel-1 wet-snow maps can inform fully distributed physically based snowpack models The Cryosphere |
| title | Exploring how Sentinel-1 wet-snow maps can inform fully distributed physically based snowpack models |
| title_full | Exploring how Sentinel-1 wet-snow maps can inform fully distributed physically based snowpack models |
| title_fullStr | Exploring how Sentinel-1 wet-snow maps can inform fully distributed physically based snowpack models |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring how Sentinel-1 wet-snow maps can inform fully distributed physically based snowpack models |
| title_short | Exploring how Sentinel-1 wet-snow maps can inform fully distributed physically based snowpack models |
| title_sort | exploring how sentinel 1 wet snow maps can inform fully distributed physically based snowpack models |
| url | https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/18/5753/2024/tc-18-5753-2024.pdf |
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