pH: A major player in degenerative intervertebral disks
Abstract Chronic lower back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide, generating a socioeconomic cost of over $100 billion annually in the United States. Among the prominent causes of low back pain (LBP) is degeneration of the intervertebral disk (IVD), a condition known as degenerative dis...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-12-01
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| Series: | JOR Spine |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/jsp2.70025 |
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| _version_ | 1850252050477088768 |
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| author | Matthew A. R. Trone Joshua D. Stover Alejandro Almarza Robert D. Bowles |
| author_facet | Matthew A. R. Trone Joshua D. Stover Alejandro Almarza Robert D. Bowles |
| author_sort | Matthew A. R. Trone |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Chronic lower back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide, generating a socioeconomic cost of over $100 billion annually in the United States. Among the prominent causes of low back pain (LBP) is degeneration of the intervertebral disk (IVD), a condition known as degenerative disk disease (DDD). Despite the prevalence of DDD and multiple studies demonstrating its relationship with LBP, the mechanisms by which it contributes to pain remain unknown. Previous studies have identified potential causes for this pain, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) breakdown, changes in biomechanics, and pro‐inflammatory signals. Possible pain treatments targeting these factors have been developed but with limited effects. However, low pH in DDD is a potential pain generator whose role has largely been unexplored and underappreciated. This review highlights hyperacidity's effects on the IVD, such as catabolism of disk cells and ECM, neoinnervation, altered mechanical signaling, and expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and ion channels. This review aims to discuss what is known about the contributions of acidity to DDD pain, identify the knowledge gaps on this topic, and propose what research can be conducted to fill these gaps. We must better understand the underlying mechanisms of DDD and the interaction between hyperacidity and nociception to develop better therapeutics for this disease. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-62847dfb7c9e46048e0dbb6cd4589313 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2572-1143 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | JOR Spine |
| spelling | doaj-art-62847dfb7c9e46048e0dbb6cd45893132025-08-20T01:57:45ZengWileyJOR Spine2572-11432024-12-0174n/an/a10.1002/jsp2.70025pH: A major player in degenerative intervertebral disksMatthew A. R. Trone0Joshua D. Stover1Alejandro Almarza2Robert D. Bowles3Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USADepartment of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USAAbstract Chronic lower back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide, generating a socioeconomic cost of over $100 billion annually in the United States. Among the prominent causes of low back pain (LBP) is degeneration of the intervertebral disk (IVD), a condition known as degenerative disk disease (DDD). Despite the prevalence of DDD and multiple studies demonstrating its relationship with LBP, the mechanisms by which it contributes to pain remain unknown. Previous studies have identified potential causes for this pain, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) breakdown, changes in biomechanics, and pro‐inflammatory signals. Possible pain treatments targeting these factors have been developed but with limited effects. However, low pH in DDD is a potential pain generator whose role has largely been unexplored and underappreciated. This review highlights hyperacidity's effects on the IVD, such as catabolism of disk cells and ECM, neoinnervation, altered mechanical signaling, and expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and ion channels. This review aims to discuss what is known about the contributions of acidity to DDD pain, identify the knowledge gaps on this topic, and propose what research can be conducted to fill these gaps. We must better understand the underlying mechanisms of DDD and the interaction between hyperacidity and nociception to develop better therapeutics for this disease.https://doi.org/10.1002/jsp2.70025acidicdegenerative disk diseaselow pHpain |
| spellingShingle | Matthew A. R. Trone Joshua D. Stover Alejandro Almarza Robert D. Bowles pH: A major player in degenerative intervertebral disks JOR Spine acidic degenerative disk disease low pH pain |
| title | pH: A major player in degenerative intervertebral disks |
| title_full | pH: A major player in degenerative intervertebral disks |
| title_fullStr | pH: A major player in degenerative intervertebral disks |
| title_full_unstemmed | pH: A major player in degenerative intervertebral disks |
| title_short | pH: A major player in degenerative intervertebral disks |
| title_sort | ph a major player in degenerative intervertebral disks |
| topic | acidic degenerative disk disease low pH pain |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/jsp2.70025 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT matthewartrone phamajorplayerindegenerativeintervertebraldisks AT joshuadstover phamajorplayerindegenerativeintervertebraldisks AT alejandroalmarza phamajorplayerindegenerativeintervertebraldisks AT robertdbowles phamajorplayerindegenerativeintervertebraldisks |