Kirigami structure enhancing the crack-bridging effects of graphene oxide on the calcium silicate hydrate

Graphene oxide (GO) can cooperate with the generated calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) to strengthen the cementitious composites. However, due to the several orders of magnitude elastic modulus gap between GO and C-S-H composite, the GO is easily pulled out from the cement matrix, making it hard to p...

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Main Authors: Zhangjianing Cheng, Shuaijie Lu, Weiqiang Chen, Siyao Wang, Yuan Gao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Materials & Design
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525007543
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author Zhangjianing Cheng
Shuaijie Lu
Weiqiang Chen
Siyao Wang
Yuan Gao
author_facet Zhangjianing Cheng
Shuaijie Lu
Weiqiang Chen
Siyao Wang
Yuan Gao
author_sort Zhangjianing Cheng
collection DOAJ
description Graphene oxide (GO) can cooperate with the generated calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) to strengthen the cementitious composites. However, due to the several orders of magnitude elastic modulus gap between GO and C-S-H composite, the GO is easily pulled out from the cement matrix, making it hard to play their enhancement role fully. This study used the kirigami structure to modify GO nanosheets and reinforce the pull-out resistance of the nanosheets from the C-S-H composites. The results show that the kirigami structure significantly reduces the elastic modulus of the GO-based nanosheets by 79.6%–89.0%, opening a pathway for the GO-based nanosheet to withstand higher deformation energy and better resistance to pull-out loading. As a result, the friction force and the total pull-out work during the entire pull-out process can be enhanced by about 19.5%–36.8% and 16%–21%, respectively. High porosity, zigzag-direction incisions, and the distribution of the incision at the edge of nanosheets could further enhance the co-deformation ability of GO-based nanosheets with C-S-H. Finally, the GO nanosheet bridge reinforcement theoretical model reveals that the kirigami structure can significantly increase the strain energy density and complete debonding stage-controlled shear stress, strengthening GO-based nanosheets’ crack-bridging effects in cementitious composites.
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spelling doaj-art-6281a422950146adb32f03e672c5c8782025-08-20T03:29:22ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752025-08-0125611433410.1016/j.matdes.2025.114334Kirigami structure enhancing the crack-bridging effects of graphene oxide on the calcium silicate hydrateZhangjianing Cheng0Shuaijie Lu1Weiqiang Chen2Siyao Wang3Yuan Gao4School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaSchool of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; Corresponding authors.Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States; Corresponding authors.School of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, ChinaSchool of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; Department of Structural Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Corresponding author at: School of Transportation and Civil Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.Graphene oxide (GO) can cooperate with the generated calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) to strengthen the cementitious composites. However, due to the several orders of magnitude elastic modulus gap between GO and C-S-H composite, the GO is easily pulled out from the cement matrix, making it hard to play their enhancement role fully. This study used the kirigami structure to modify GO nanosheets and reinforce the pull-out resistance of the nanosheets from the C-S-H composites. The results show that the kirigami structure significantly reduces the elastic modulus of the GO-based nanosheets by 79.6%–89.0%, opening a pathway for the GO-based nanosheet to withstand higher deformation energy and better resistance to pull-out loading. As a result, the friction force and the total pull-out work during the entire pull-out process can be enhanced by about 19.5%–36.8% and 16%–21%, respectively. High porosity, zigzag-direction incisions, and the distribution of the incision at the edge of nanosheets could further enhance the co-deformation ability of GO-based nanosheets with C-S-H. Finally, the GO nanosheet bridge reinforcement theoretical model reveals that the kirigami structure can significantly increase the strain energy density and complete debonding stage-controlled shear stress, strengthening GO-based nanosheets’ crack-bridging effects in cementitious composites.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525007543Graphene kirigamiCrack-bridging effectsBridging theoryPull-out behaviour
spellingShingle Zhangjianing Cheng
Shuaijie Lu
Weiqiang Chen
Siyao Wang
Yuan Gao
Kirigami structure enhancing the crack-bridging effects of graphene oxide on the calcium silicate hydrate
Materials & Design
Graphene kirigami
Crack-bridging effects
Bridging theory
Pull-out behaviour
title Kirigami structure enhancing the crack-bridging effects of graphene oxide on the calcium silicate hydrate
title_full Kirigami structure enhancing the crack-bridging effects of graphene oxide on the calcium silicate hydrate
title_fullStr Kirigami structure enhancing the crack-bridging effects of graphene oxide on the calcium silicate hydrate
title_full_unstemmed Kirigami structure enhancing the crack-bridging effects of graphene oxide on the calcium silicate hydrate
title_short Kirigami structure enhancing the crack-bridging effects of graphene oxide on the calcium silicate hydrate
title_sort kirigami structure enhancing the crack bridging effects of graphene oxide on the calcium silicate hydrate
topic Graphene kirigami
Crack-bridging effects
Bridging theory
Pull-out behaviour
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525007543
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