A prospective observational study on the influence of the difficulty of forceps application and the avulsion of the levator ani muscle

Background: To compare the rate of levator ani muscle (LAM) avulsion between normal deliveries (ND) and forceps deliveries (FD) and to determine whether the difficulty of forceps application in FD is related to the occurrence of LAM avulsion. Methods: This prospective observational study included 24...

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Main Authors: José Antonio García-Mejido, Ana Fernández-Palacín, Rocio García-Jimenez, Laura Castro Portillo, Adriana Aquise, José Antonio Sainz Bueno
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IMR Press 2022-03-01
Series:Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology
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Online Access:https://www.imrpress.com/journal/CEOG/49/3/10.31083/j.ceog4903067
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author José Antonio García-Mejido
Ana Fernández-Palacín
Rocio García-Jimenez
Laura Castro Portillo
Adriana Aquise
José Antonio Sainz Bueno
author_facet José Antonio García-Mejido
Ana Fernández-Palacín
Rocio García-Jimenez
Laura Castro Portillo
Adriana Aquise
José Antonio Sainz Bueno
author_sort José Antonio García-Mejido
collection DOAJ
description Background: To compare the rate of levator ani muscle (LAM) avulsion between normal deliveries (ND) and forceps deliveries (FD) and to determine whether the difficulty of forceps application in FD is related to the occurrence of LAM avulsion. Methods: This prospective observational study included 240 primiparous patients (125 ND and 115 FD). FD were classified according to the difficulty of forceps application. The application was considered difficult if the fetal head was in a transverse position or if it was midforceps (head engaged by the leading part was above +2 stations) with the fetal head in the occipito-posterior position; otherwise, the application was considered easy. Ultrasound evaluation was performed 6 months after delivery, and complete avulsion was diagnosed when there was abnormal insertion of the LAM in all three central slices. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the ND and FD groups in the presence of LAM avulsion (15.6% vs. 38.3%; p < 0.0005), with a crude Odds Ratio (OR) of 3.36 and an adjusted OR of 4.219. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the LAM avulsion rates between the easy and difficult application groups (34.2% vs. 45.2%; p: 0.244). Conclusions: FD have higher rates of LAM avulsion than ND, although the difficulty of forceps application does not have an influence on the rates of LAM avulsion.
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spelling doaj-art-6265f0a20d8f4321925ff463e2a430c22025-08-20T03:48:32ZengIMR PressClinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology0390-66632022-03-014936710.31083/j.ceog4903067S0390-6663(22)01718-3A prospective observational study on the influence of the difficulty of forceps application and the avulsion of the levator ani muscleJosé Antonio García-Mejido0Ana Fernández-Palacín1Rocio García-Jimenez2Laura Castro Portillo3Adriana Aquise4José Antonio Sainz Bueno5Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Valme University Hospital, 41014 Seville, SpainBiostatistics Unit, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Seville, 41001 Sevilla, SpainDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Valme University Hospital, 41014 Seville, SpainDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Valme University Hospital, 41014 Seville, SpainDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Seville, 41001 Sevilla, SpainDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Valme University Hospital, 41014 Seville, SpainBackground: To compare the rate of levator ani muscle (LAM) avulsion between normal deliveries (ND) and forceps deliveries (FD) and to determine whether the difficulty of forceps application in FD is related to the occurrence of LAM avulsion. Methods: This prospective observational study included 240 primiparous patients (125 ND and 115 FD). FD were classified according to the difficulty of forceps application. The application was considered difficult if the fetal head was in a transverse position or if it was midforceps (head engaged by the leading part was above +2 stations) with the fetal head in the occipito-posterior position; otherwise, the application was considered easy. Ultrasound evaluation was performed 6 months after delivery, and complete avulsion was diagnosed when there was abnormal insertion of the LAM in all three central slices. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the ND and FD groups in the presence of LAM avulsion (15.6% vs. 38.3%; p < 0.0005), with a crude Odds Ratio (OR) of 3.36 and an adjusted OR of 4.219. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the LAM avulsion rates between the easy and difficult application groups (34.2% vs. 45.2%; p: 0.244). Conclusions: FD have higher rates of LAM avulsion than ND, although the difficulty of forceps application does not have an influence on the rates of LAM avulsion.https://www.imrpress.com/journal/CEOG/49/3/10.31083/j.ceog49030673d transperineal ultrasoundpelvic floordeliverylevator ani muscleforceps delivery
spellingShingle José Antonio García-Mejido
Ana Fernández-Palacín
Rocio García-Jimenez
Laura Castro Portillo
Adriana Aquise
José Antonio Sainz Bueno
A prospective observational study on the influence of the difficulty of forceps application and the avulsion of the levator ani muscle
Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology
3d transperineal ultrasound
pelvic floor
delivery
levator ani muscle
forceps delivery
title A prospective observational study on the influence of the difficulty of forceps application and the avulsion of the levator ani muscle
title_full A prospective observational study on the influence of the difficulty of forceps application and the avulsion of the levator ani muscle
title_fullStr A prospective observational study on the influence of the difficulty of forceps application and the avulsion of the levator ani muscle
title_full_unstemmed A prospective observational study on the influence of the difficulty of forceps application and the avulsion of the levator ani muscle
title_short A prospective observational study on the influence of the difficulty of forceps application and the avulsion of the levator ani muscle
title_sort prospective observational study on the influence of the difficulty of forceps application and the avulsion of the levator ani muscle
topic 3d transperineal ultrasound
pelvic floor
delivery
levator ani muscle
forceps delivery
url https://www.imrpress.com/journal/CEOG/49/3/10.31083/j.ceog4903067
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