A novel genotyping system based on site polymorphism on spike gene reveals the evolutionary pathway of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

Abstract Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a lethal coronavirus in neonatal piglets characterized by rapid evolution in both genotype and phenotype. However, the underlying genetic mechanism has not been completely elucidated. In this study, we investigated and characterized PEDV field strai...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mingkai Lei, Huimin Li, Xiaoyu Chen, Xiaozhen Li, Xuexiang Yu, Shengnan Ruan, Hao Wu, Ahmed H. Ghonaim, Ziyang Yan, Wentao Li, Qigai He
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-06-01
Series:iMetaOmics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/imo2.70013
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849467962153500672
author Mingkai Lei
Huimin Li
Xiaoyu Chen
Xiaozhen Li
Xuexiang Yu
Shengnan Ruan
Hao Wu
Ahmed H. Ghonaim
Ziyang Yan
Wentao Li
Qigai He
author_facet Mingkai Lei
Huimin Li
Xiaoyu Chen
Xiaozhen Li
Xuexiang Yu
Shengnan Ruan
Hao Wu
Ahmed H. Ghonaim
Ziyang Yan
Wentao Li
Qigai He
author_sort Mingkai Lei
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a lethal coronavirus in neonatal piglets characterized by rapid evolution in both genotype and phenotype. However, the underlying genetic mechanism has not been completely elucidated. In this study, we investigated and characterized PEDV field strains circulating in China between 2021 and 2022, which revealed significant genetic divergence. To improve the classification of PEDV, we developed a site‐polymorphism‐based genotyping system utilizing global PEDV genetic sequences from public databases. While there are currently multiple genotypic classification‐based systems for PEDV, our proposed approach could offer more stable classification by considering both genetic characteristics and evolutionary dynamics. Our analysis indicates that the most prevalent PEDV lineages originated from South Korea and China, with G2c: L4 predominating in China and G2c: L10 in the United States. Importantly, discrete phylogenetic analysis revealed potential evolutionary pathways of PEDV, showing that the termini of the S gene are prone to recombination, while adaptive selection is evident in the middle region. Overall, our findings provide a complementary and practical methodology for PEDV classification and offer novel insights into the evolutionary pathway of coronaviruses.
format Article
id doaj-art-625d5cdc90fe408f8e5643e84ce2ee0b
institution Kabale University
issn 2996-9506
2996-9514
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Wiley
record_format Article
series iMetaOmics
spelling doaj-art-625d5cdc90fe408f8e5643e84ce2ee0b2025-08-20T03:25:59ZengWileyiMetaOmics2996-95062996-95142025-06-0122n/an/a10.1002/imo2.70013A novel genotyping system based on site polymorphism on spike gene reveals the evolutionary pathway of porcine epidemic diarrhea virusMingkai Lei0Huimin Li1Xiaoyu Chen2Xiaozhen Li3Xuexiang Yu4Shengnan Ruan5Hao Wu6Ahmed H. Ghonaim7Ziyang Yan8Wentao Li9Qigai He10National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan ChinaYunnan Southwest Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Group Co, Ltd Kunming ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan ChinaAbstract Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a lethal coronavirus in neonatal piglets characterized by rapid evolution in both genotype and phenotype. However, the underlying genetic mechanism has not been completely elucidated. In this study, we investigated and characterized PEDV field strains circulating in China between 2021 and 2022, which revealed significant genetic divergence. To improve the classification of PEDV, we developed a site‐polymorphism‐based genotyping system utilizing global PEDV genetic sequences from public databases. While there are currently multiple genotypic classification‐based systems for PEDV, our proposed approach could offer more stable classification by considering both genetic characteristics and evolutionary dynamics. Our analysis indicates that the most prevalent PEDV lineages originated from South Korea and China, with G2c: L4 predominating in China and G2c: L10 in the United States. Importantly, discrete phylogenetic analysis revealed potential evolutionary pathways of PEDV, showing that the termini of the S gene are prone to recombination, while adaptive selection is evident in the middle region. Overall, our findings provide a complementary and practical methodology for PEDV classification and offer novel insights into the evolutionary pathway of coronaviruses.https://doi.org/10.1002/imo2.70013adaptive selectionevolutionary pathwaygenetic polymorphismgenotypingintraspecific recombinationporcine epidemic diarrhea virus
spellingShingle Mingkai Lei
Huimin Li
Xiaoyu Chen
Xiaozhen Li
Xuexiang Yu
Shengnan Ruan
Hao Wu
Ahmed H. Ghonaim
Ziyang Yan
Wentao Li
Qigai He
A novel genotyping system based on site polymorphism on spike gene reveals the evolutionary pathway of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
iMetaOmics
adaptive selection
evolutionary pathway
genetic polymorphism
genotyping
intraspecific recombination
porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
title A novel genotyping system based on site polymorphism on spike gene reveals the evolutionary pathway of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
title_full A novel genotyping system based on site polymorphism on spike gene reveals the evolutionary pathway of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
title_fullStr A novel genotyping system based on site polymorphism on spike gene reveals the evolutionary pathway of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
title_full_unstemmed A novel genotyping system based on site polymorphism on spike gene reveals the evolutionary pathway of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
title_short A novel genotyping system based on site polymorphism on spike gene reveals the evolutionary pathway of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
title_sort novel genotyping system based on site polymorphism on spike gene reveals the evolutionary pathway of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
topic adaptive selection
evolutionary pathway
genetic polymorphism
genotyping
intraspecific recombination
porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
url https://doi.org/10.1002/imo2.70013
work_keys_str_mv AT mingkailei anovelgenotypingsystembasedonsitepolymorphismonspikegenerevealstheevolutionarypathwayofporcineepidemicdiarrheavirus
AT huiminli anovelgenotypingsystembasedonsitepolymorphismonspikegenerevealstheevolutionarypathwayofporcineepidemicdiarrheavirus
AT xiaoyuchen anovelgenotypingsystembasedonsitepolymorphismonspikegenerevealstheevolutionarypathwayofporcineepidemicdiarrheavirus
AT xiaozhenli anovelgenotypingsystembasedonsitepolymorphismonspikegenerevealstheevolutionarypathwayofporcineepidemicdiarrheavirus
AT xuexiangyu anovelgenotypingsystembasedonsitepolymorphismonspikegenerevealstheevolutionarypathwayofporcineepidemicdiarrheavirus
AT shengnanruan anovelgenotypingsystembasedonsitepolymorphismonspikegenerevealstheevolutionarypathwayofporcineepidemicdiarrheavirus
AT haowu anovelgenotypingsystembasedonsitepolymorphismonspikegenerevealstheevolutionarypathwayofporcineepidemicdiarrheavirus
AT ahmedhghonaim anovelgenotypingsystembasedonsitepolymorphismonspikegenerevealstheevolutionarypathwayofporcineepidemicdiarrheavirus
AT ziyangyan anovelgenotypingsystembasedonsitepolymorphismonspikegenerevealstheevolutionarypathwayofporcineepidemicdiarrheavirus
AT wentaoli anovelgenotypingsystembasedonsitepolymorphismonspikegenerevealstheevolutionarypathwayofporcineepidemicdiarrheavirus
AT qigaihe anovelgenotypingsystembasedonsitepolymorphismonspikegenerevealstheevolutionarypathwayofporcineepidemicdiarrheavirus
AT mingkailei novelgenotypingsystembasedonsitepolymorphismonspikegenerevealstheevolutionarypathwayofporcineepidemicdiarrheavirus
AT huiminli novelgenotypingsystembasedonsitepolymorphismonspikegenerevealstheevolutionarypathwayofporcineepidemicdiarrheavirus
AT xiaoyuchen novelgenotypingsystembasedonsitepolymorphismonspikegenerevealstheevolutionarypathwayofporcineepidemicdiarrheavirus
AT xiaozhenli novelgenotypingsystembasedonsitepolymorphismonspikegenerevealstheevolutionarypathwayofporcineepidemicdiarrheavirus
AT xuexiangyu novelgenotypingsystembasedonsitepolymorphismonspikegenerevealstheevolutionarypathwayofporcineepidemicdiarrheavirus
AT shengnanruan novelgenotypingsystembasedonsitepolymorphismonspikegenerevealstheevolutionarypathwayofporcineepidemicdiarrheavirus
AT haowu novelgenotypingsystembasedonsitepolymorphismonspikegenerevealstheevolutionarypathwayofporcineepidemicdiarrheavirus
AT ahmedhghonaim novelgenotypingsystembasedonsitepolymorphismonspikegenerevealstheevolutionarypathwayofporcineepidemicdiarrheavirus
AT ziyangyan novelgenotypingsystembasedonsitepolymorphismonspikegenerevealstheevolutionarypathwayofporcineepidemicdiarrheavirus
AT wentaoli novelgenotypingsystembasedonsitepolymorphismonspikegenerevealstheevolutionarypathwayofporcineepidemicdiarrheavirus
AT qigaihe novelgenotypingsystembasedonsitepolymorphismonspikegenerevealstheevolutionarypathwayofporcineepidemicdiarrheavirus