Protocol for the Redefining Maternal Anemia in Pregnancy and Postpartum (ReMAPP) study: A multisite, international, population-based cohort study to establish global hemoglobin thresholds for maternal anemia.

<h4>Background</h4>Anemia affects one in three pregnant women worldwide, with the greatest burden in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. During pregnancy, anemia has been linked to an increased risk of adverse maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Despite widespread recognition that anem...

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Main Authors: Emily R Smith, Zahra Hoodbhoy, Aneeta Hotwani, Fyezah Jehan, Amna Khan, Imran Nisar, Nida Yazdani, Santosh Joseph Benjamin, Anne George Cherian, Venkata Raghava Mohan, Sunitha Varghese, Balakrishnan Vijayalekshmi, Blair J Wylie, Leena Chatterjee, Arjun Dang, R Venketeshwar, Sasha G Baumann, Christopher Mores, Qing Pan, Christopher R Sudfeld, Victor Akelo, Winnie K Mwebia, Kephas Otieno, Gregory Ouma, Harun Owuor, Joyce Were, Dennis Adu-Gyasi, Veronica Agyemang, Sam Newton, Charlotte Tawiah, Arun Singh Jadaun, Sarmila Mazumder, Neeraj Sharma, Lynda G Ugwu, Amma Benneh-Akwasi Kuma, Bethany Freeman, Margaret P Kasaro, Felistas M Mbewe, Humphrey Mwape, Rachel S Resop, M Bridget Spelke, Kwaku Poku Asante, Redefining Maternal Anemia in Pregnancy and Postpartum (ReMAPP) Study Investigators
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321943
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author Emily R Smith
Zahra Hoodbhoy
Aneeta Hotwani
Fyezah Jehan
Amna Khan
Imran Nisar
Nida Yazdani
Santosh Joseph Benjamin
Anne George Cherian
Venkata Raghava Mohan
Sunitha Varghese
Balakrishnan Vijayalekshmi
Blair J Wylie
Leena Chatterjee
Arjun Dang
R Venketeshwar
Sasha G Baumann
Christopher Mores
Qing Pan
Christopher R Sudfeld
Victor Akelo
Winnie K Mwebia
Kephas Otieno
Gregory Ouma
Harun Owuor
Joyce Were
Dennis Adu-Gyasi
Veronica Agyemang
Sam Newton
Charlotte Tawiah
Arun Singh Jadaun
Sarmila Mazumder
Neeraj Sharma
Lynda G Ugwu
Amma Benneh-Akwasi Kuma
Bethany Freeman
Margaret P Kasaro
Felistas M Mbewe
Humphrey Mwape
Rachel S Resop
M Bridget Spelke
Kwaku Poku Asante
Redefining Maternal Anemia in Pregnancy and Postpartum (ReMAPP) Study Investigators
author_facet Emily R Smith
Zahra Hoodbhoy
Aneeta Hotwani
Fyezah Jehan
Amna Khan
Imran Nisar
Nida Yazdani
Santosh Joseph Benjamin
Anne George Cherian
Venkata Raghava Mohan
Sunitha Varghese
Balakrishnan Vijayalekshmi
Blair J Wylie
Leena Chatterjee
Arjun Dang
R Venketeshwar
Sasha G Baumann
Christopher Mores
Qing Pan
Christopher R Sudfeld
Victor Akelo
Winnie K Mwebia
Kephas Otieno
Gregory Ouma
Harun Owuor
Joyce Were
Dennis Adu-Gyasi
Veronica Agyemang
Sam Newton
Charlotte Tawiah
Arun Singh Jadaun
Sarmila Mazumder
Neeraj Sharma
Lynda G Ugwu
Amma Benneh-Akwasi Kuma
Bethany Freeman
Margaret P Kasaro
Felistas M Mbewe
Humphrey Mwape
Rachel S Resop
M Bridget Spelke
Kwaku Poku Asante
Redefining Maternal Anemia in Pregnancy and Postpartum (ReMAPP) Study Investigators
author_sort Emily R Smith
collection DOAJ
description <h4>Background</h4>Anemia affects one in three pregnant women worldwide, with the greatest burden in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. During pregnancy, anemia has been linked to an increased risk of adverse maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Despite widespread recognition that anemia can complicate pregnancy, critical gaps persist in our understanding of the specific causes of maternal anemia and the cutoffs used to diagnose anemia in each trimester and in the postpartum period.<h4>Methods and analysis</h4>The Redefining Maternal Anemia in Pregnancy and Postpartum (ReMAPP) study is a multisite, prospective, cohort study nested within the Pregnancy Risk, Infant Surveillance, and Measurement Alliance (PRISMA) Maternal and Newborn Health study. Research sites are located in Kenya, Ghana, Zambia, India, and Pakistan. Participants are up to 12,000 pregnant women who provide serial venous blood samples for hemoglobin assessment at five time points: at <20 weeks, 20 weeks, 28 weeks, and 36 weeks gestation and at six weeks postpartum. We will use two analytical approaches to estimate hemoglobin thresholds for defining anemia: (1) clinical decision limits for cutoffs in each trimester and at six weeks postpartum based on associations of hemoglobin levels with adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal health outcomes and (2) reference limits for gestational-week-specific cutoffs and at six weeks postpartum for mild, moderate, and severe anemia based on tail statistical percentiles of hemoglobin values in a reference (i.e., clinically healthy) subpopulation. We will also conduct biomarker-intensive testing among a sub-sample of participants in each trimester to explore underlying contributing factors of maternal anemia.<h4>Ethics and dissemination</h4>The study received local and national ethical approvals from all participating institutions. Findings from multisite analyses will be published among open-access, peer-reviewed journals and disseminated with local, national, and international partners.<h4>Strengths and limitations</h4>Novel study design to allow multiple analytical approaches (clinical decision limits and reference limits) in the same population to establish hemoglobin thresholds.Use of gold standard methods and external quality assurance programs to ensure harmonized hemoglobin measurement across sites.Inclusion of biomarker-intensive study arm to examine the etiology of anemia among pregnant women.All data is contributed by populations historically underrepresented in research in low- and middle-income countries.<h4>Trials registration</h4>ClinicalTrials.gov (PRISMA-MNH 2022; NCT05904145).
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spelling doaj-art-625cdd5faf4a47a7b18651d3283fb23e2025-08-25T05:31:05ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01207e032194310.1371/journal.pone.0321943Protocol for the Redefining Maternal Anemia in Pregnancy and Postpartum (ReMAPP) study: A multisite, international, population-based cohort study to establish global hemoglobin thresholds for maternal anemia.Emily R SmithZahra HoodbhoyAneeta HotwaniFyezah JehanAmna KhanImran NisarNida YazdaniSantosh Joseph BenjaminAnne George CherianVenkata Raghava MohanSunitha VargheseBalakrishnan VijayalekshmiBlair J WylieLeena ChatterjeeArjun DangR VenketeshwarSasha G BaumannChristopher MoresQing PanChristopher R SudfeldVictor AkeloWinnie K MwebiaKephas OtienoGregory OumaHarun OwuorJoyce WereDennis Adu-GyasiVeronica AgyemangSam NewtonCharlotte TawiahArun Singh JadaunSarmila MazumderNeeraj SharmaLynda G UgwuAmma Benneh-Akwasi KumaBethany FreemanMargaret P KasaroFelistas M MbeweHumphrey MwapeRachel S ResopM Bridget SpelkeKwaku Poku AsanteRedefining Maternal Anemia in Pregnancy and Postpartum (ReMAPP) Study Investigators<h4>Background</h4>Anemia affects one in three pregnant women worldwide, with the greatest burden in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. During pregnancy, anemia has been linked to an increased risk of adverse maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Despite widespread recognition that anemia can complicate pregnancy, critical gaps persist in our understanding of the specific causes of maternal anemia and the cutoffs used to diagnose anemia in each trimester and in the postpartum period.<h4>Methods and analysis</h4>The Redefining Maternal Anemia in Pregnancy and Postpartum (ReMAPP) study is a multisite, prospective, cohort study nested within the Pregnancy Risk, Infant Surveillance, and Measurement Alliance (PRISMA) Maternal and Newborn Health study. Research sites are located in Kenya, Ghana, Zambia, India, and Pakistan. Participants are up to 12,000 pregnant women who provide serial venous blood samples for hemoglobin assessment at five time points: at <20 weeks, 20 weeks, 28 weeks, and 36 weeks gestation and at six weeks postpartum. We will use two analytical approaches to estimate hemoglobin thresholds for defining anemia: (1) clinical decision limits for cutoffs in each trimester and at six weeks postpartum based on associations of hemoglobin levels with adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal health outcomes and (2) reference limits for gestational-week-specific cutoffs and at six weeks postpartum for mild, moderate, and severe anemia based on tail statistical percentiles of hemoglobin values in a reference (i.e., clinically healthy) subpopulation. We will also conduct biomarker-intensive testing among a sub-sample of participants in each trimester to explore underlying contributing factors of maternal anemia.<h4>Ethics and dissemination</h4>The study received local and national ethical approvals from all participating institutions. Findings from multisite analyses will be published among open-access, peer-reviewed journals and disseminated with local, national, and international partners.<h4>Strengths and limitations</h4>Novel study design to allow multiple analytical approaches (clinical decision limits and reference limits) in the same population to establish hemoglobin thresholds.Use of gold standard methods and external quality assurance programs to ensure harmonized hemoglobin measurement across sites.Inclusion of biomarker-intensive study arm to examine the etiology of anemia among pregnant women.All data is contributed by populations historically underrepresented in research in low- and middle-income countries.<h4>Trials registration</h4>ClinicalTrials.gov (PRISMA-MNH 2022; NCT05904145).https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321943
spellingShingle Emily R Smith
Zahra Hoodbhoy
Aneeta Hotwani
Fyezah Jehan
Amna Khan
Imran Nisar
Nida Yazdani
Santosh Joseph Benjamin
Anne George Cherian
Venkata Raghava Mohan
Sunitha Varghese
Balakrishnan Vijayalekshmi
Blair J Wylie
Leena Chatterjee
Arjun Dang
R Venketeshwar
Sasha G Baumann
Christopher Mores
Qing Pan
Christopher R Sudfeld
Victor Akelo
Winnie K Mwebia
Kephas Otieno
Gregory Ouma
Harun Owuor
Joyce Were
Dennis Adu-Gyasi
Veronica Agyemang
Sam Newton
Charlotte Tawiah
Arun Singh Jadaun
Sarmila Mazumder
Neeraj Sharma
Lynda G Ugwu
Amma Benneh-Akwasi Kuma
Bethany Freeman
Margaret P Kasaro
Felistas M Mbewe
Humphrey Mwape
Rachel S Resop
M Bridget Spelke
Kwaku Poku Asante
Redefining Maternal Anemia in Pregnancy and Postpartum (ReMAPP) Study Investigators
Protocol for the Redefining Maternal Anemia in Pregnancy and Postpartum (ReMAPP) study: A multisite, international, population-based cohort study to establish global hemoglobin thresholds for maternal anemia.
PLoS ONE
title Protocol for the Redefining Maternal Anemia in Pregnancy and Postpartum (ReMAPP) study: A multisite, international, population-based cohort study to establish global hemoglobin thresholds for maternal anemia.
title_full Protocol for the Redefining Maternal Anemia in Pregnancy and Postpartum (ReMAPP) study: A multisite, international, population-based cohort study to establish global hemoglobin thresholds for maternal anemia.
title_fullStr Protocol for the Redefining Maternal Anemia in Pregnancy and Postpartum (ReMAPP) study: A multisite, international, population-based cohort study to establish global hemoglobin thresholds for maternal anemia.
title_full_unstemmed Protocol for the Redefining Maternal Anemia in Pregnancy and Postpartum (ReMAPP) study: A multisite, international, population-based cohort study to establish global hemoglobin thresholds for maternal anemia.
title_short Protocol for the Redefining Maternal Anemia in Pregnancy and Postpartum (ReMAPP) study: A multisite, international, population-based cohort study to establish global hemoglobin thresholds for maternal anemia.
title_sort protocol for the redefining maternal anemia in pregnancy and postpartum remapp study a multisite international population based cohort study to establish global hemoglobin thresholds for maternal anemia
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321943
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