Early versus late noise differentially enhances or degrades context-dependent choice

Abstract Noise is a fundamental problem for information processing in neural systems. In decision-making, noise is thought to cause stochastic errors in choice. However, little is known about how noise arising from different sources may contribute differently to value coding and choice behaviors. He...

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Main Authors: Bo Shen, Duc Nguyen, Jailyn Wilson, Paul W. Glimcher, Kenway Louie
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59140-3
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author Bo Shen
Duc Nguyen
Jailyn Wilson
Paul W. Glimcher
Kenway Louie
author_facet Bo Shen
Duc Nguyen
Jailyn Wilson
Paul W. Glimcher
Kenway Louie
author_sort Bo Shen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Noise is a fundamental problem for information processing in neural systems. In decision-making, noise is thought to cause stochastic errors in choice. However, little is known about how noise arising from different sources may contribute differently to value coding and choice behaviors. Here, we examine how noise arising early versus late in the decision process differentially impacts context-dependent choice behavior. We find in model simulations that under early noise, contextual information enhances choice accuracy, while under late noise, context degrades choice accuracy. Furthermore, we verify these opposing predictions in experimental human choice behavior. Manipulating early and late noise – by inducing uncertainty in option values and controlling time pressure – produces dissociable positive and negative context effects. These findings reconcile controversial experimental findings in the literature, suggesting a unified mechanism for context-dependent choice. More broadly, these findings highlight how different sources of noise can interact with neural computations to differentially modulate behavior.
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issn 2041-1723
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publisher Nature Portfolio
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series Nature Communications
spelling doaj-art-6242581114cb40d8b345ef5edb8a6a302025-08-20T02:20:25ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-04-0116111510.1038/s41467-025-59140-3Early versus late noise differentially enhances or degrades context-dependent choiceBo Shen0Duc Nguyen1Jailyn Wilson2Paul W. Glimcher3Kenway Louie4New York University, Grossman School of MedicineNew York University, Center for Neural ScienceDepartment of Psychology, Cornell UniversityNew York University, Grossman School of MedicineNew York University, Grossman School of MedicineAbstract Noise is a fundamental problem for information processing in neural systems. In decision-making, noise is thought to cause stochastic errors in choice. However, little is known about how noise arising from different sources may contribute differently to value coding and choice behaviors. Here, we examine how noise arising early versus late in the decision process differentially impacts context-dependent choice behavior. We find in model simulations that under early noise, contextual information enhances choice accuracy, while under late noise, context degrades choice accuracy. Furthermore, we verify these opposing predictions in experimental human choice behavior. Manipulating early and late noise – by inducing uncertainty in option values and controlling time pressure – produces dissociable positive and negative context effects. These findings reconcile controversial experimental findings in the literature, suggesting a unified mechanism for context-dependent choice. More broadly, these findings highlight how different sources of noise can interact with neural computations to differentially modulate behavior.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59140-3
spellingShingle Bo Shen
Duc Nguyen
Jailyn Wilson
Paul W. Glimcher
Kenway Louie
Early versus late noise differentially enhances or degrades context-dependent choice
Nature Communications
title Early versus late noise differentially enhances or degrades context-dependent choice
title_full Early versus late noise differentially enhances or degrades context-dependent choice
title_fullStr Early versus late noise differentially enhances or degrades context-dependent choice
title_full_unstemmed Early versus late noise differentially enhances or degrades context-dependent choice
title_short Early versus late noise differentially enhances or degrades context-dependent choice
title_sort early versus late noise differentially enhances or degrades context dependent choice
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59140-3
work_keys_str_mv AT boshen earlyversuslatenoisedifferentiallyenhancesordegradescontextdependentchoice
AT ducnguyen earlyversuslatenoisedifferentiallyenhancesordegradescontextdependentchoice
AT jailynwilson earlyversuslatenoisedifferentiallyenhancesordegradescontextdependentchoice
AT paulwglimcher earlyversuslatenoisedifferentiallyenhancesordegradescontextdependentchoice
AT kenwaylouie earlyversuslatenoisedifferentiallyenhancesordegradescontextdependentchoice