HPLC and GC–MS analyses of phytochemical compounds in Haloxylon salicornicum extract: Antibacterial and antifungal activity assessment of phytopathogens

The present study investigated the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial effects of aqueous methanolic extract of Haloxylon salicornicum against some phytopathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. The selected bacterial strains were Pectobacterium carotovorum, Pectobacterium atrosepticum, Rals...

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Main Authors: Behiry Said, Abdelwahab Eman A., Al-Askar Abdulaziz A., Kowalczewski Przemysław, Abdelkhalek Ahmed
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: De Gruyter 2024-12-01
Series:Open Chemistry
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2024-0115
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author Behiry Said
Abdelwahab Eman A.
Al-Askar Abdulaziz A.
Kowalczewski Przemysław
Abdelkhalek Ahmed
author_facet Behiry Said
Abdelwahab Eman A.
Al-Askar Abdulaziz A.
Kowalczewski Przemysław
Abdelkhalek Ahmed
author_sort Behiry Said
collection DOAJ
description The present study investigated the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial effects of aqueous methanolic extract of Haloxylon salicornicum against some phytopathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. The selected bacterial strains were Pectobacterium carotovorum, Pectobacterium atrosepticum, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Streptomyces scabiei, while fungal strains were Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, and Rhizoctonia solani. The extract demonstrated significant efficacy against P. atrosepticum and P. carotovorum at a concentration of 1,000 µg/mL, resulting in inhibition zones measuring 12.3 and 11 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the extract demonstrated considerable effectiveness against fungal strains, achieving an impressive fungal growth suppression rate of 68.8% against R. solani at a concentration of 5,000 µg/mL. The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis identified nine notable phenolic compounds and six common flavonoid compounds in the extract. The identified phenolic compounds in the highest quantities were gallic acid (6427.5 µg/g), vanillin (1145.4 µg/g), chlorogenic acid (498.1 µg/g), and syringic acid (322.5 µg/g). Apigenin (1155.9 µg/g), daidzein (460.9 µg/g), quercetin (382.7 µg/g), and naringenin (160.4 µg/g) exhibited the most significant concentrations of flavonoid compounds. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed that n-hexadecanoic acid (53.7%), 9-octadecenoic acid (26.9%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) (8.67%), palmitic acid, and TMS derivative (4.36%) were the predominant compounds in the extract. Consequently, the H. salicornicum aqueous methanolic extract could be used for the first time as an environmentally safe antimicrobial pesticide agent against plant pathogens to reduce the excessive use of chemical pesticides.
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spelling doaj-art-6236755582334375abd8680aae44120b2025-08-20T01:59:21ZengDe GruyterOpen Chemistry2391-54202024-12-0122117194910.1515/chem-2024-0115HPLC and GC–MS analyses of phytochemical compounds in Haloxylon salicornicum extract: Antibacterial and antifungal activity assessment of phytopathogensBehiry Said0Abdelwahab Eman A.1Al-Askar Abdulaziz A.2Kowalczewski Przemysław3Abdelkhalek Ahmed4Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, EgyptCollege of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babylon, IraqDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, PolandPlant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, 21934, EgyptThe present study investigated the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial effects of aqueous methanolic extract of Haloxylon salicornicum against some phytopathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. The selected bacterial strains were Pectobacterium carotovorum, Pectobacterium atrosepticum, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Streptomyces scabiei, while fungal strains were Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, and Rhizoctonia solani. The extract demonstrated significant efficacy against P. atrosepticum and P. carotovorum at a concentration of 1,000 µg/mL, resulting in inhibition zones measuring 12.3 and 11 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the extract demonstrated considerable effectiveness against fungal strains, achieving an impressive fungal growth suppression rate of 68.8% against R. solani at a concentration of 5,000 µg/mL. The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis identified nine notable phenolic compounds and six common flavonoid compounds in the extract. The identified phenolic compounds in the highest quantities were gallic acid (6427.5 µg/g), vanillin (1145.4 µg/g), chlorogenic acid (498.1 µg/g), and syringic acid (322.5 µg/g). Apigenin (1155.9 µg/g), daidzein (460.9 µg/g), quercetin (382.7 µg/g), and naringenin (160.4 µg/g) exhibited the most significant concentrations of flavonoid compounds. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed that n-hexadecanoic acid (53.7%), 9-octadecenoic acid (26.9%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) (8.67%), palmitic acid, and TMS derivative (4.36%) were the predominant compounds in the extract. Consequently, the H. salicornicum aqueous methanolic extract could be used for the first time as an environmentally safe antimicrobial pesticide agent against plant pathogens to reduce the excessive use of chemical pesticides.https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2024-0115haloxylon salicornicumsecondary metaboliteshplcgc–msantibacterialantifungal
spellingShingle Behiry Said
Abdelwahab Eman A.
Al-Askar Abdulaziz A.
Kowalczewski Przemysław
Abdelkhalek Ahmed
HPLC and GC–MS analyses of phytochemical compounds in Haloxylon salicornicum extract: Antibacterial and antifungal activity assessment of phytopathogens
Open Chemistry
haloxylon salicornicum
secondary metabolites
hplc
gc–ms
antibacterial
antifungal
title HPLC and GC–MS analyses of phytochemical compounds in Haloxylon salicornicum extract: Antibacterial and antifungal activity assessment of phytopathogens
title_full HPLC and GC–MS analyses of phytochemical compounds in Haloxylon salicornicum extract: Antibacterial and antifungal activity assessment of phytopathogens
title_fullStr HPLC and GC–MS analyses of phytochemical compounds in Haloxylon salicornicum extract: Antibacterial and antifungal activity assessment of phytopathogens
title_full_unstemmed HPLC and GC–MS analyses of phytochemical compounds in Haloxylon salicornicum extract: Antibacterial and antifungal activity assessment of phytopathogens
title_short HPLC and GC–MS analyses of phytochemical compounds in Haloxylon salicornicum extract: Antibacterial and antifungal activity assessment of phytopathogens
title_sort hplc and gc ms analyses of phytochemical compounds in haloxylon salicornicum extract antibacterial and antifungal activity assessment of phytopathogens
topic haloxylon salicornicum
secondary metabolites
hplc
gc–ms
antibacterial
antifungal
url https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2024-0115
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