Public health implications of dog bite injuries in Greece

Abstract Background Dog bite injuries pose substantial traumatic and zoonotic risks worldwide. Surveillance remains insufficient globally. This study assessed the epidemiology of dog bites in Greece with the aim to identify risk factors relevant for broader public health strategies. Methods A nation...

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Main Authors: Georgios Dougas, Maria Gkova, Kassiani Mellou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-06-01
Series:Discover Public Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00771-8
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author Georgios Dougas
Maria Gkova
Kassiani Mellou
author_facet Georgios Dougas
Maria Gkova
Kassiani Mellou
author_sort Georgios Dougas
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Dog bite injuries pose substantial traumatic and zoonotic risks worldwide. Surveillance remains insufficient globally. This study assessed the epidemiology of dog bites in Greece with the aim to identify risk factors relevant for broader public health strategies. Methods A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023, analyzing dog-bite injuries reported by public hospitals and primary health units. Demographic, clinical, and exposure data were collected and examined alongside dog ownership patterns. Results A total of 2,820 dog-bite injuries were reported, corresponding to an annual frequency of 26.9 cases per 100,000 residents. The incidence of medically attended dog bite injuries varied among regions ranging from 3.1 to 72.6 cases per 100,000 population $$\:{(\chi\:}^{2}\left(12\right)=1019.96,\hspace{1em}p<0.001)$$ . Bite frequency was positively associated with stray-to-owned dog ratio $$\:{(R}^{2}=0.696,\hspace{1em}p<0.001)$$ . Lower limbs were the most commonly affected site (50.9%), while head and neck injuries predominated in children aged 0–9 years $$\:\left({\chi\:}^{2}\right(32)=226.50,\:\:p<0.001)$$ . Tissue loss was documented in 9.3% of cases, with phalangeal amputation recorded in 0.9%. Hospitalization was required in 4.9% of cases. Conclusions Dog bites represent a significant but underrecognized public health issue. Stray dog populations were identified as a key driver affecting local bite frequencies. Integrating dog bite surveillance into routine health information systems is a critical public health priority globally.
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spelling doaj-art-62353218bb1045f091f47a68f8d4bafb2025-08-20T03:45:22ZengSpringerDiscover Public Health3005-07742025-06-0122111110.1186/s12982-025-00771-8Public health implications of dog bite injuries in GreeceGeorgios Dougas0Maria Gkova1Kassiani Mellou2National Public Health OrganizationNational Public Health OrganizationNational Public Health OrganizationAbstract Background Dog bite injuries pose substantial traumatic and zoonotic risks worldwide. Surveillance remains insufficient globally. This study assessed the epidemiology of dog bites in Greece with the aim to identify risk factors relevant for broader public health strategies. Methods A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023, analyzing dog-bite injuries reported by public hospitals and primary health units. Demographic, clinical, and exposure data were collected and examined alongside dog ownership patterns. Results A total of 2,820 dog-bite injuries were reported, corresponding to an annual frequency of 26.9 cases per 100,000 residents. The incidence of medically attended dog bite injuries varied among regions ranging from 3.1 to 72.6 cases per 100,000 population $$\:{(\chi\:}^{2}\left(12\right)=1019.96,\hspace{1em}p<0.001)$$ . Bite frequency was positively associated with stray-to-owned dog ratio $$\:{(R}^{2}=0.696,\hspace{1em}p<0.001)$$ . Lower limbs were the most commonly affected site (50.9%), while head and neck injuries predominated in children aged 0–9 years $$\:\left({\chi\:}^{2}\right(32)=226.50,\:\:p<0.001)$$ . Tissue loss was documented in 9.3% of cases, with phalangeal amputation recorded in 0.9%. Hospitalization was required in 4.9% of cases. Conclusions Dog bites represent a significant but underrecognized public health issue. Stray dog populations were identified as a key driver affecting local bite frequencies. Integrating dog bite surveillance into routine health information systems is a critical public health priority globally.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00771-8BitesWounds and injuriesPublic healthDogsEpidemiologic surveillance
spellingShingle Georgios Dougas
Maria Gkova
Kassiani Mellou
Public health implications of dog bite injuries in Greece
Discover Public Health
Bites
Wounds and injuries
Public health
Dogs
Epidemiologic surveillance
title Public health implications of dog bite injuries in Greece
title_full Public health implications of dog bite injuries in Greece
title_fullStr Public health implications of dog bite injuries in Greece
title_full_unstemmed Public health implications of dog bite injuries in Greece
title_short Public health implications of dog bite injuries in Greece
title_sort public health implications of dog bite injuries in greece
topic Bites
Wounds and injuries
Public health
Dogs
Epidemiologic surveillance
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00771-8
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