First Insights into Bioaccumulation Patterns in Different Tissues of the Greenland Shark <i>Somniosus microcephalus</i> from Kulusuk (Southeastern Greenland)

Marine environmental pollution has been rapidly increasing in Arctic waters, and the release and bioaccumulation of trace elements in Arctic marine species may pose significant risks to both ecosystem health and human well-being. As a top predator, the Greenland shark is an ideal sentinel species fo...

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Main Authors: Francesca Romana Reinero, Emilio Sperone, Samira Gallo, Donatella Barca, Francesco Luigi Leonetti, Gianni Giglio, Primo Micarelli
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Biology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/7/857
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author Francesca Romana Reinero
Emilio Sperone
Samira Gallo
Donatella Barca
Francesco Luigi Leonetti
Gianni Giglio
Primo Micarelli
author_facet Francesca Romana Reinero
Emilio Sperone
Samira Gallo
Donatella Barca
Francesco Luigi Leonetti
Gianni Giglio
Primo Micarelli
author_sort Francesca Romana Reinero
collection DOAJ
description Marine environmental pollution has been rapidly increasing in Arctic waters, and the release and bioaccumulation of trace elements in Arctic marine species may pose significant risks to both ecosystem health and human well-being. As a top predator, the Greenland shark is an ideal sentinel species for ecotoxicological studies in this region. In this study, trace element analyses were conducted on various tissues from two Greenland sharks—a male and a female—collected in Kulusuk (southeastern Greenland). Eleven trace elements (Mn55, Co59, Cu63, Zn64, As75, Se82, Rb85, Mo98, Ag107, Cd112, and Pb208) were measured in different skin samples from both specimens and in the muscle and fat of the female using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Principal Component Analyses (PCAs) revealed sex-related differences in skin bioaccumulation patterns, likely due to sampling of different skin regions. Notably, skin tissues from both sharks showed the highest concentration of trace elements, especially for As75 (9.39–41.13 ppm) and Zn64 (24.34–50.99 ppm) and with the exception of Ag107. These findings suggest that environmental exposure may play a more significant role than dietary intake in trace element accumulation in this area. This study represents the first investigation of trace element bioaccumulation in Greenland sharks from Kulusuk. While the results offer important preliminary insights into the species’ ecotoxicology, further research involving more specimens and tissues is needed to confirm these trends. These initial findings contribute to filling key data gaps and have implications for both environmental monitoring and public health within the Greenlandic community.
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spelling doaj-art-62124b33e4dc4b29b334ee72c12fa83e2025-08-20T02:45:43ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372025-07-0114785710.3390/biology14070857First Insights into Bioaccumulation Patterns in Different Tissues of the Greenland Shark <i>Somniosus microcephalus</i> from Kulusuk (Southeastern Greenland)Francesca Romana Reinero0Emilio Sperone1Samira Gallo2Donatella Barca3Francesco Luigi Leonetti4Gianni Giglio5Primo Micarelli6Sharks Studies Centre-Scientific Institute, 58024 Massa Marittima, ItalyDepartment of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, ItalyDepartment of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, ItalyDepartment of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, ItalyDepartment of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, ItalyDepartment of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, ItalySharks Studies Centre-Scientific Institute, 58024 Massa Marittima, ItalyMarine environmental pollution has been rapidly increasing in Arctic waters, and the release and bioaccumulation of trace elements in Arctic marine species may pose significant risks to both ecosystem health and human well-being. As a top predator, the Greenland shark is an ideal sentinel species for ecotoxicological studies in this region. In this study, trace element analyses were conducted on various tissues from two Greenland sharks—a male and a female—collected in Kulusuk (southeastern Greenland). Eleven trace elements (Mn55, Co59, Cu63, Zn64, As75, Se82, Rb85, Mo98, Ag107, Cd112, and Pb208) were measured in different skin samples from both specimens and in the muscle and fat of the female using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Principal Component Analyses (PCAs) revealed sex-related differences in skin bioaccumulation patterns, likely due to sampling of different skin regions. Notably, skin tissues from both sharks showed the highest concentration of trace elements, especially for As75 (9.39–41.13 ppm) and Zn64 (24.34–50.99 ppm) and with the exception of Ag107. These findings suggest that environmental exposure may play a more significant role than dietary intake in trace element accumulation in this area. This study represents the first investigation of trace element bioaccumulation in Greenland sharks from Kulusuk. While the results offer important preliminary insights into the species’ ecotoxicology, further research involving more specimens and tissues is needed to confirm these trends. These initial findings contribute to filling key data gaps and have implications for both environmental monitoring and public health within the Greenlandic community.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/7/857elasmobranch<i>Somniosus microcephalus</i>environmental pollutiontrace elementsArctic Ocean
spellingShingle Francesca Romana Reinero
Emilio Sperone
Samira Gallo
Donatella Barca
Francesco Luigi Leonetti
Gianni Giglio
Primo Micarelli
First Insights into Bioaccumulation Patterns in Different Tissues of the Greenland Shark <i>Somniosus microcephalus</i> from Kulusuk (Southeastern Greenland)
Biology
elasmobranch
<i>Somniosus microcephalus</i>
environmental pollution
trace elements
Arctic Ocean
title First Insights into Bioaccumulation Patterns in Different Tissues of the Greenland Shark <i>Somniosus microcephalus</i> from Kulusuk (Southeastern Greenland)
title_full First Insights into Bioaccumulation Patterns in Different Tissues of the Greenland Shark <i>Somniosus microcephalus</i> from Kulusuk (Southeastern Greenland)
title_fullStr First Insights into Bioaccumulation Patterns in Different Tissues of the Greenland Shark <i>Somniosus microcephalus</i> from Kulusuk (Southeastern Greenland)
title_full_unstemmed First Insights into Bioaccumulation Patterns in Different Tissues of the Greenland Shark <i>Somniosus microcephalus</i> from Kulusuk (Southeastern Greenland)
title_short First Insights into Bioaccumulation Patterns in Different Tissues of the Greenland Shark <i>Somniosus microcephalus</i> from Kulusuk (Southeastern Greenland)
title_sort first insights into bioaccumulation patterns in different tissues of the greenland shark i somniosus microcephalus i from kulusuk southeastern greenland
topic elasmobranch
<i>Somniosus microcephalus</i>
environmental pollution
trace elements
Arctic Ocean
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/7/857
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