Multiple item representations in visual working memory simultaneously guide attention

Abstract Visual working memory (VWM) is a subject of ongoing debate regarding whether multiple item representations can simultaneously guide attention. The Single Item Template hypothesis (SIT) posits that VWM representations only allow a single item to guide attention, while the Multiple Item Templ...

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Main Authors: Caibin Duan, Lihua Zhang, Dequn Song, Bing Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92612-6
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author Caibin Duan
Lihua Zhang
Dequn Song
Bing Zhang
author_facet Caibin Duan
Lihua Zhang
Dequn Song
Bing Zhang
author_sort Caibin Duan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Visual working memory (VWM) is a subject of ongoing debate regarding whether multiple item representations can simultaneously guide attention. The Single Item Template hypothesis (SIT) posits that VWM representations only allow a single item to guide attention, while the Multiple Item Template hypothesis (MIT) suggests that multiple items in VWM representations can guide attention simultaneously. This study further investigates this through a dual-task paradigm. Participants were required to complete memory-search tasks under different memory and match types, with memory items and distractors being of the same category (Experiment 1) and different categories (Experiment 2). Results show: (1) In Experiment 1, when the memory type was color, multiple item representations in VWM simultaneously guided attention, providing support for the MIT hypothesis; however, when the memory type was graphic, multiple item representations in VWM did not simultaneously guide attention, providing support for the SIT hypothesis. (2) In Experiment 2, whether the memory type was color or graphic, multiple item representations in VWM did not simultaneously guide attention, providing support for the SIT hypothesis. Whether multiple item representations in VWM can simultaneously guide attention is significantly influenced by memory types and the relationship between memory items and categories of distractors.
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spelling doaj-art-6211a8ba78de4a67a15367647fef44a92025-08-20T02:56:19ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-011511910.1038/s41598-025-92612-6Multiple item representations in visual working memory simultaneously guide attentionCaibin Duan0Lihua Zhang1Dequn Song2Bing Zhang3Students’ Affairs Division, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityCollege of Psychology, Liaoning Normal UniversityStudents’ Affairs Division, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityStudents’ Affairs Division, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityAbstract Visual working memory (VWM) is a subject of ongoing debate regarding whether multiple item representations can simultaneously guide attention. The Single Item Template hypothesis (SIT) posits that VWM representations only allow a single item to guide attention, while the Multiple Item Template hypothesis (MIT) suggests that multiple items in VWM representations can guide attention simultaneously. This study further investigates this through a dual-task paradigm. Participants were required to complete memory-search tasks under different memory and match types, with memory items and distractors being of the same category (Experiment 1) and different categories (Experiment 2). Results show: (1) In Experiment 1, when the memory type was color, multiple item representations in VWM simultaneously guided attention, providing support for the MIT hypothesis; however, when the memory type was graphic, multiple item representations in VWM did not simultaneously guide attention, providing support for the SIT hypothesis. (2) In Experiment 2, whether the memory type was color or graphic, multiple item representations in VWM did not simultaneously guide attention, providing support for the SIT hypothesis. Whether multiple item representations in VWM can simultaneously guide attention is significantly influenced by memory types and the relationship between memory items and categories of distractors.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92612-6Visual working memoryAttention guidanceVisual search
spellingShingle Caibin Duan
Lihua Zhang
Dequn Song
Bing Zhang
Multiple item representations in visual working memory simultaneously guide attention
Scientific Reports
Visual working memory
Attention guidance
Visual search
title Multiple item representations in visual working memory simultaneously guide attention
title_full Multiple item representations in visual working memory simultaneously guide attention
title_fullStr Multiple item representations in visual working memory simultaneously guide attention
title_full_unstemmed Multiple item representations in visual working memory simultaneously guide attention
title_short Multiple item representations in visual working memory simultaneously guide attention
title_sort multiple item representations in visual working memory simultaneously guide attention
topic Visual working memory
Attention guidance
Visual search
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92612-6
work_keys_str_mv AT caibinduan multipleitemrepresentationsinvisualworkingmemorysimultaneouslyguideattention
AT lihuazhang multipleitemrepresentationsinvisualworkingmemorysimultaneouslyguideattention
AT dequnsong multipleitemrepresentationsinvisualworkingmemorysimultaneouslyguideattention
AT bingzhang multipleitemrepresentationsinvisualworkingmemorysimultaneouslyguideattention