Large Language Models in Ophthalmology: A Review of Publications from Top Ophthalmology Journals
Purpose: To review and evaluate the current literature on the application and impact of large language models (LLMs) in the field of ophthalmology, focusing on studies published in high-ranking ophthalmology journals. Design: This is a retrospective review of published articles. Participants: This s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Ophthalmology Science |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666914524002173 |
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| author | Akshay Prashant Agnihotri, MS, DNB Ines Doris Nagel, MD Jose Carlo M. Artiaga, MD, FICO Ma. Carmela B. Guevarra, MD George Michael N. Sosuan, MD Fritz Gerald P. Kalaw, MD |
| author_facet | Akshay Prashant Agnihotri, MS, DNB Ines Doris Nagel, MD Jose Carlo M. Artiaga, MD, FICO Ma. Carmela B. Guevarra, MD George Michael N. Sosuan, MD Fritz Gerald P. Kalaw, MD |
| author_sort | Akshay Prashant Agnihotri, MS, DNB |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose: To review and evaluate the current literature on the application and impact of large language models (LLMs) in the field of ophthalmology, focusing on studies published in high-ranking ophthalmology journals. Design: This is a retrospective review of published articles. Participants: This study did not involve human participation. Methods: Articles published in the first quartile (Q1) of ophthalmology journals on Scimago Journal & Country Rank discussing different LLMs up to June 7, 2024, were reviewed, parsed, and analyzed. Main Outcome Measures: All available articles were parsed and analyzed, which included the article and author characteristics and data regarding the LLM used and its applications, focusing on its use in medical education, clinical assistance, research, and patient education. Results: There were 35 Q1-ranked journals identified, 19 of which contained articles discussing LLMs, with 101 articles eligible for review. One-third were original investigations (32%; 32/101), with an average of 5.3 authors per article. The United States (50.4%; 51/101) was the most represented country, followed by the United Kingdom (25.7%; 26/101) and Canada (16.8%; 17/101). ChatGPT was the most used LLM among the studies, with different versions discussed and compared. Large language model applications were discussed relevant to their implications in medical education, clinical assistance, research, and patient education. Conclusions: The numerous publications on the use of LLM in ophthalmology can provide valuable insights for stakeholders and consumers of these applications. Large language models present significant opportunities for advancement in ophthalmology, particularly in team science, education, clinical assistance, and research. Although LLMs show promise, they also show challenges such as performance inconsistencies, bias, and ethical concerns. The study emphasizes the need for ongoing artificial intelligence improvement, ethical guidelines, and multidisciplinary collaboration. Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-620d2164cdf04f358bde35e4ac1cf922 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2666-9145 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ophthalmology Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-620d2164cdf04f358bde35e4ac1cf9222025-08-20T03:02:07ZengElsevierOphthalmology Science2666-91452025-05-015310068110.1016/j.xops.2024.100681Large Language Models in Ophthalmology: A Review of Publications from Top Ophthalmology JournalsAkshay Prashant Agnihotri, MS, DNB0Ines Doris Nagel, MD1Jose Carlo M. Artiaga, MD, FICO2Ma. Carmela B. Guevarra, MD3George Michael N. Sosuan, MD4Fritz Gerald P. Kalaw, MD5Jacobs Retina Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Retina Care Hospital, Nagpur, IndiaJacobs Retina Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, GermanyDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila City, Philippines; International Eye Institute, St. Luke’s Medical Center Global City, Taguig City, PhilippinesDepartment of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Boston, MassachusettsDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila City, PhilippinesJacobs Retina Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Correspondence: Fritz Gerald P. Kalaw, MD, Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, 9415 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093.Purpose: To review and evaluate the current literature on the application and impact of large language models (LLMs) in the field of ophthalmology, focusing on studies published in high-ranking ophthalmology journals. Design: This is a retrospective review of published articles. Participants: This study did not involve human participation. Methods: Articles published in the first quartile (Q1) of ophthalmology journals on Scimago Journal & Country Rank discussing different LLMs up to June 7, 2024, were reviewed, parsed, and analyzed. Main Outcome Measures: All available articles were parsed and analyzed, which included the article and author characteristics and data regarding the LLM used and its applications, focusing on its use in medical education, clinical assistance, research, and patient education. Results: There were 35 Q1-ranked journals identified, 19 of which contained articles discussing LLMs, with 101 articles eligible for review. One-third were original investigations (32%; 32/101), with an average of 5.3 authors per article. The United States (50.4%; 51/101) was the most represented country, followed by the United Kingdom (25.7%; 26/101) and Canada (16.8%; 17/101). ChatGPT was the most used LLM among the studies, with different versions discussed and compared. Large language model applications were discussed relevant to their implications in medical education, clinical assistance, research, and patient education. Conclusions: The numerous publications on the use of LLM in ophthalmology can provide valuable insights for stakeholders and consumers of these applications. Large language models present significant opportunities for advancement in ophthalmology, particularly in team science, education, clinical assistance, and research. Although LLMs show promise, they also show challenges such as performance inconsistencies, bias, and ethical concerns. The study emphasizes the need for ongoing artificial intelligence improvement, ethical guidelines, and multidisciplinary collaboration. Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666914524002173Large language modelsGenerative artificial intelligenceChatbotsChatGPT |
| spellingShingle | Akshay Prashant Agnihotri, MS, DNB Ines Doris Nagel, MD Jose Carlo M. Artiaga, MD, FICO Ma. Carmela B. Guevarra, MD George Michael N. Sosuan, MD Fritz Gerald P. Kalaw, MD Large Language Models in Ophthalmology: A Review of Publications from Top Ophthalmology Journals Ophthalmology Science Large language models Generative artificial intelligence Chatbots ChatGPT |
| title | Large Language Models in Ophthalmology: A Review of Publications from Top Ophthalmology Journals |
| title_full | Large Language Models in Ophthalmology: A Review of Publications from Top Ophthalmology Journals |
| title_fullStr | Large Language Models in Ophthalmology: A Review of Publications from Top Ophthalmology Journals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Large Language Models in Ophthalmology: A Review of Publications from Top Ophthalmology Journals |
| title_short | Large Language Models in Ophthalmology: A Review of Publications from Top Ophthalmology Journals |
| title_sort | large language models in ophthalmology a review of publications from top ophthalmology journals |
| topic | Large language models Generative artificial intelligence Chatbots ChatGPT |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666914524002173 |
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