Storage of the vital metal tungsten in a dominant SCFA-producing human gut microbe Eubacterium limosum and implications for other gut microbes

ABSTRACT Enzymes containing tungsten rather than the ubiquitous and analogous element molybdenum are prevalent in the human gut microbiome, especifically in microbes that contribute to overall gut health. Eubacterium limosum is a dominant human gut organism whose production of beneficial short-chain...

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Main Authors: Nana Shao, Dayong Zhou, Gerrit J. Schut, Farris L. Poole, Sydney B. Coffey, Aaron P. Donaghy, Saisuki Putumbaka, Michael P. Thorgersen, Lirong Chen, John Rose, Bi-Cheng Wang, Michael W. W. Adams
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Society for Microbiology 2025-04-01
Series:mBio
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Online Access:https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.02605-24
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author Nana Shao
Dayong Zhou
Gerrit J. Schut
Farris L. Poole
Sydney B. Coffey
Aaron P. Donaghy
Saisuki Putumbaka
Michael P. Thorgersen
Lirong Chen
John Rose
Bi-Cheng Wang
Michael W. W. Adams
author_facet Nana Shao
Dayong Zhou
Gerrit J. Schut
Farris L. Poole
Sydney B. Coffey
Aaron P. Donaghy
Saisuki Putumbaka
Michael P. Thorgersen
Lirong Chen
John Rose
Bi-Cheng Wang
Michael W. W. Adams
author_sort Nana Shao
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Enzymes containing tungsten rather than the ubiquitous and analogous element molybdenum are prevalent in the human gut microbiome, especifically in microbes that contribute to overall gut health. Eubacterium limosum is a dominant human gut organism whose production of beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from lactate involves tungstoenzymes. Here, we characterized E. limosum Tub, a tungsten storage protein. Tub has a sub-nanomolar affinity for tungstate and contains a single TOBE domain first characterized in a molybdate storage protein. Crystal structures revealed Tub assembles as a hexamer composed of a trimer of dimers, capable of binding eight tungstate oxyanions at two distinct binding sites located at inter-subunit interfaces. Tungstate-saturated Tub exhibited unusually high thermal and chemical stability. Glucose-grown E. limosum accumulates tungsten in Tub and has low levels of two tungstoenzymes, termed WOR1 and FDH, which oxidize aldehydes and formate, respectively. Lactate-grown cells contain high concentrations of these two tungstoenzymes where WOR1 and FDH are involved in converting lactate to SCFAs. Glucose-grown cells appear to accumulate tungstate in Tub in preparation for lactate availability in the human gut. Tub and other TOBE-containing proteins are widespread in the human gut microbiome, and gene co-occurrence analysis predicts that there are comparable numbers of TOBE-containing proteins involved in the storage of tungstate as there are that bind molybdate. The results with E. limosum represent an important step for understanding tungsten storage mechanisms for tungstoenzymes within human gut microbes in general.IMPORTANCETungsten metabolism was found to be prevalent in the human gut microbiome, which is involved in the detoxification of food and antimicrobial aldehydes, as well as in the production of beneficial SCFAs. In this study, we characterized a protein in the human gut microbe, Eubacterium limosum, that stores tungstate in preparation for its use in enzymes involved in SCFA generation. This revealed several families of tungstate binding proteins that are also involved in tungstate transport and tungstate-dependent regulation and are widely distributed in the human gut microbiome. Elucidating how tungsten is stored and transported in the human gut microbes contributes to our understanding of the human gut microbiome and its impact on human health.
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spelling doaj-art-620af5a837de4f7a895d61c45cf03cd42025-08-20T03:05:56ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologymBio2150-75112025-04-0116410.1128/mbio.02605-24Storage of the vital metal tungsten in a dominant SCFA-producing human gut microbe Eubacterium limosum and implications for other gut microbesNana Shao0Dayong Zhou1Gerrit J. Schut2Farris L. Poole3Sydney B. Coffey4Aaron P. Donaghy5Saisuki Putumbaka6Michael P. Thorgersen7Lirong Chen8John Rose9Bi-Cheng Wang10Michael W. W. Adams11Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USAABSTRACT Enzymes containing tungsten rather than the ubiquitous and analogous element molybdenum are prevalent in the human gut microbiome, especifically in microbes that contribute to overall gut health. Eubacterium limosum is a dominant human gut organism whose production of beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from lactate involves tungstoenzymes. Here, we characterized E. limosum Tub, a tungsten storage protein. Tub has a sub-nanomolar affinity for tungstate and contains a single TOBE domain first characterized in a molybdate storage protein. Crystal structures revealed Tub assembles as a hexamer composed of a trimer of dimers, capable of binding eight tungstate oxyanions at two distinct binding sites located at inter-subunit interfaces. Tungstate-saturated Tub exhibited unusually high thermal and chemical stability. Glucose-grown E. limosum accumulates tungsten in Tub and has low levels of two tungstoenzymes, termed WOR1 and FDH, which oxidize aldehydes and formate, respectively. Lactate-grown cells contain high concentrations of these two tungstoenzymes where WOR1 and FDH are involved in converting lactate to SCFAs. Glucose-grown cells appear to accumulate tungstate in Tub in preparation for lactate availability in the human gut. Tub and other TOBE-containing proteins are widespread in the human gut microbiome, and gene co-occurrence analysis predicts that there are comparable numbers of TOBE-containing proteins involved in the storage of tungstate as there are that bind molybdate. The results with E. limosum represent an important step for understanding tungsten storage mechanisms for tungstoenzymes within human gut microbes in general.IMPORTANCETungsten metabolism was found to be prevalent in the human gut microbiome, which is involved in the detoxification of food and antimicrobial aldehydes, as well as in the production of beneficial SCFAs. In this study, we characterized a protein in the human gut microbe, Eubacterium limosum, that stores tungstate in preparation for its use in enzymes involved in SCFA generation. This revealed several families of tungstate binding proteins that are also involved in tungstate transport and tungstate-dependent regulation and are widely distributed in the human gut microbiome. Elucidating how tungsten is stored and transported in the human gut microbes contributes to our understanding of the human gut microbiome and its impact on human health.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.02605-24tungsten storagehuman gut microbiomeTubTOBEEubacterium limosumX-ray crystallography
spellingShingle Nana Shao
Dayong Zhou
Gerrit J. Schut
Farris L. Poole
Sydney B. Coffey
Aaron P. Donaghy
Saisuki Putumbaka
Michael P. Thorgersen
Lirong Chen
John Rose
Bi-Cheng Wang
Michael W. W. Adams
Storage of the vital metal tungsten in a dominant SCFA-producing human gut microbe Eubacterium limosum and implications for other gut microbes
mBio
tungsten storage
human gut microbiome
Tub
TOBE
Eubacterium limosum
X-ray crystallography
title Storage of the vital metal tungsten in a dominant SCFA-producing human gut microbe Eubacterium limosum and implications for other gut microbes
title_full Storage of the vital metal tungsten in a dominant SCFA-producing human gut microbe Eubacterium limosum and implications for other gut microbes
title_fullStr Storage of the vital metal tungsten in a dominant SCFA-producing human gut microbe Eubacterium limosum and implications for other gut microbes
title_full_unstemmed Storage of the vital metal tungsten in a dominant SCFA-producing human gut microbe Eubacterium limosum and implications for other gut microbes
title_short Storage of the vital metal tungsten in a dominant SCFA-producing human gut microbe Eubacterium limosum and implications for other gut microbes
title_sort storage of the vital metal tungsten in a dominant scfa producing human gut microbe eubacterium limosum and implications for other gut microbes
topic tungsten storage
human gut microbiome
Tub
TOBE
Eubacterium limosum
X-ray crystallography
url https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.02605-24
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