Long-term elevated levels of loneliness are linked to lower health-related quality of life in middle-aged Australian women

Abstract Loneliness has long been associated with poor health outcomes. However, few studies have considered the dynamic nature of loneliness over time. This study aimed to identify longitudinal patterns of loneliness over 18 years and their associations with physical and mental health-related quali...

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Main Authors: Neta HaGani, Katherine Owen, Philip J. Clare, Dafna Merom, Ben J. Smith, Ding Ding
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Communications Psychology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-025-00264-z
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author Neta HaGani
Katherine Owen
Philip J. Clare
Dafna Merom
Ben J. Smith
Ding Ding
author_facet Neta HaGani
Katherine Owen
Philip J. Clare
Dafna Merom
Ben J. Smith
Ding Ding
author_sort Neta HaGani
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Loneliness has long been associated with poor health outcomes. However, few studies have considered the dynamic nature of loneliness over time. This study aimed to identify longitudinal patterns of loneliness over 18 years and their associations with physical and mental health-related quality of life. Using data from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women’s Health, we conducted a Latent Class Analysis to identify long-term loneliness patterns. We used Multinomial logistic regression to examine baseline predictors of loneliness trajectories and linear regression to examine the association between loneliness trajectories and health-related quality of life. Baseline predictors, such as smoking, depression, anxiety, stress and low social support, were associated with higher odds of ’Increasing’, ‘Stable-medium’ and ‘Stable-high loneliness. Compared to ‘Stable-low loneliness, ‘Increasing’ [B = −3.73 (95%CI = −5.42, −2.04)], ‘Medium’ [B = −3.12 (95%CI = −5.08, −1.15)] and ‘High’ loneliness [B = −5.67 (95%CI = −6.84, −4.49)] were associated with lower mental health-related quality of life. ‘Increasing’ loneliness was also associated with lower physical health-related quality of life [B = −1.06 (95%CI = −2.11, −0.02)]. Among health-related quality of life sub-scales, emotional role, social functioning and physical role were the most strongly associated with loneliness. Findings highlight the importance of addressing loneliness among women to promote their health and well-being.
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spelling doaj-art-61fd5d618cb44d3db7c74915e91de6f82025-08-20T02:00:01ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Psychology2731-91212025-05-01311910.1038/s44271-025-00264-zLong-term elevated levels of loneliness are linked to lower health-related quality of life in middle-aged Australian womenNeta HaGani0Katherine Owen1Philip J. Clare2Dafna Merom3Ben J. Smith4Ding Ding5Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of SydneyPrevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of SydneyPrevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of SydneySchool of Health Science, Western Sydney UniversityPrevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of SydneyPrevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of SydneyAbstract Loneliness has long been associated with poor health outcomes. However, few studies have considered the dynamic nature of loneliness over time. This study aimed to identify longitudinal patterns of loneliness over 18 years and their associations with physical and mental health-related quality of life. Using data from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women’s Health, we conducted a Latent Class Analysis to identify long-term loneliness patterns. We used Multinomial logistic regression to examine baseline predictors of loneliness trajectories and linear regression to examine the association between loneliness trajectories and health-related quality of life. Baseline predictors, such as smoking, depression, anxiety, stress and low social support, were associated with higher odds of ’Increasing’, ‘Stable-medium’ and ‘Stable-high loneliness. Compared to ‘Stable-low loneliness, ‘Increasing’ [B = −3.73 (95%CI = −5.42, −2.04)], ‘Medium’ [B = −3.12 (95%CI = −5.08, −1.15)] and ‘High’ loneliness [B = −5.67 (95%CI = −6.84, −4.49)] were associated with lower mental health-related quality of life. ‘Increasing’ loneliness was also associated with lower physical health-related quality of life [B = −1.06 (95%CI = −2.11, −0.02)]. Among health-related quality of life sub-scales, emotional role, social functioning and physical role were the most strongly associated with loneliness. Findings highlight the importance of addressing loneliness among women to promote their health and well-being.https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-025-00264-z
spellingShingle Neta HaGani
Katherine Owen
Philip J. Clare
Dafna Merom
Ben J. Smith
Ding Ding
Long-term elevated levels of loneliness are linked to lower health-related quality of life in middle-aged Australian women
Communications Psychology
title Long-term elevated levels of loneliness are linked to lower health-related quality of life in middle-aged Australian women
title_full Long-term elevated levels of loneliness are linked to lower health-related quality of life in middle-aged Australian women
title_fullStr Long-term elevated levels of loneliness are linked to lower health-related quality of life in middle-aged Australian women
title_full_unstemmed Long-term elevated levels of loneliness are linked to lower health-related quality of life in middle-aged Australian women
title_short Long-term elevated levels of loneliness are linked to lower health-related quality of life in middle-aged Australian women
title_sort long term elevated levels of loneliness are linked to lower health related quality of life in middle aged australian women
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-025-00264-z
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