Assessment of the stability of tap water in the distribution system

The study involved monitoring tap water quality in a selected distribution system of 150 kilometers. The study aimed to identify changes in tap water quality during transport to the consumer's tap. As part of the monitoring, the physicochemical quality of water (including the content of metals...

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Main Authors: Andżelika Domoń, Beata Kowalska, Dorota Papciak, Edyta Wojtas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Desalination and Water Treatment
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398625001468
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author Andżelika Domoń
Beata Kowalska
Dorota Papciak
Edyta Wojtas
author_facet Andżelika Domoń
Beata Kowalska
Dorota Papciak
Edyta Wojtas
author_sort Andżelika Domoń
collection DOAJ
description The study involved monitoring tap water quality in a selected distribution system of 150 kilometers. The study aimed to identify changes in tap water quality during transport to the consumer's tap. As part of the monitoring, the physicochemical quality of water (including the content of metals such as Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb) was assessed and the stability of the analyzed water was determined. Water quality was monitored at the outlet of the water treatment plant (WTP) and three collection points (POU). The results indicate that the water quality at each monitored point meets the standards for drinking water and its quality does not deteriorate during transport through the distribution system. The analyzed water was characterized by physical stability (turbidity <0.8 NTU) and chemical stability (the water had non-corrosive properties with a slight tendency to precipitate sediments), but it was not biologically stable (inorganic nitrogen > 0.2 mg N/L, phosphates > 0.01 mg P-PO43-/L and BDOC > 0.25 mg C/L). Bacteriological control of water did not reveal the presence of Escherichia coli. Higher concentrations of Zn, Ni, Cu, Cd, and Pb were observed in consumer taps than in WTP.
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spelling doaj-art-61e497d2b40d476c920a324cf4dae4a42025-08-20T02:03:25ZengElsevierDesalination and Water Treatment1944-39862025-04-0132210113010.1016/j.dwt.2025.101130Assessment of the stability of tap water in the distribution systemAndżelika Domoń0Beata Kowalska1Dorota Papciak2Edyta Wojtas3Rzeszow University of Technology, Department of Water Purification and Protection, 12 Powstańców Warszawy Street, 35 – 959, Rzeszow, Poland; Corresponding author.Lublin University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, ul. Nadbystrzycka 40B, 20-618 8, Lublin, PolandRzeszow University of Technology, Department of Water Purification and Protection, 12 Powstańców Warszawy Street, 35 – 959, Rzeszow, PolandLublin University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, ul. Nadbystrzycka 40B, 20-618 8, Lublin, PolandThe study involved monitoring tap water quality in a selected distribution system of 150 kilometers. The study aimed to identify changes in tap water quality during transport to the consumer's tap. As part of the monitoring, the physicochemical quality of water (including the content of metals such as Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb) was assessed and the stability of the analyzed water was determined. Water quality was monitored at the outlet of the water treatment plant (WTP) and three collection points (POU). The results indicate that the water quality at each monitored point meets the standards for drinking water and its quality does not deteriorate during transport through the distribution system. The analyzed water was characterized by physical stability (turbidity <0.8 NTU) and chemical stability (the water had non-corrosive properties with a slight tendency to precipitate sediments), but it was not biologically stable (inorganic nitrogen > 0.2 mg N/L, phosphates > 0.01 mg P-PO43-/L and BDOC > 0.25 mg C/L). Bacteriological control of water did not reveal the presence of Escherichia coli. Higher concentrations of Zn, Ni, Cu, Cd, and Pb were observed in consumer taps than in WTP.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398625001468Distribution systemDrinking water qualityHeavy metalsTap waterWater stability
spellingShingle Andżelika Domoń
Beata Kowalska
Dorota Papciak
Edyta Wojtas
Assessment of the stability of tap water in the distribution system
Desalination and Water Treatment
Distribution system
Drinking water quality
Heavy metals
Tap water
Water stability
title Assessment of the stability of tap water in the distribution system
title_full Assessment of the stability of tap water in the distribution system
title_fullStr Assessment of the stability of tap water in the distribution system
title_full_unstemmed Assessment of the stability of tap water in the distribution system
title_short Assessment of the stability of tap water in the distribution system
title_sort assessment of the stability of tap water in the distribution system
topic Distribution system
Drinking water quality
Heavy metals
Tap water
Water stability
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398625001468
work_keys_str_mv AT andzelikadomon assessmentofthestabilityoftapwaterinthedistributionsystem
AT beatakowalska assessmentofthestabilityoftapwaterinthedistributionsystem
AT dorotapapciak assessmentofthestabilityoftapwaterinthedistributionsystem
AT edytawojtas assessmentofthestabilityoftapwaterinthedistributionsystem