Perceived Pathways of Change in an Interpersonal Violence Intervention for Mothers: The Importance of Self-Compassion

Interventions to support mothers experiencing interpersonal violence are critical, yet most evaluation research focuses on outcome evaluation, rather than understanding the pathways of change. The goal of the current study was to understand, via mothers’ own perspectives, the specific key pathways t...

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Main Authors: Kirsten MacAulay, Naomi C. Z. Andrews, Mary Motz, Gloria J. Lee, Debra J. Pepler
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Behavioral Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/6/739
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author Kirsten MacAulay
Naomi C. Z. Andrews
Mary Motz
Gloria J. Lee
Debra J. Pepler
author_facet Kirsten MacAulay
Naomi C. Z. Andrews
Mary Motz
Gloria J. Lee
Debra J. Pepler
author_sort Kirsten MacAulay
collection DOAJ
description Interventions to support mothers experiencing interpersonal violence are critical, yet most evaluation research focuses on outcome evaluation, rather than understanding the pathways of change. The goal of the current study was to understand, via mothers’ own perspectives, the specific key pathways through which participation in an interpersonal violence intervention resulted in perceptions of change for mothers and their children. The participants (<i>N</i> = 43, 18–43 years old) were mothers who attended and completed a 6–8-week interpersonal violence intervention within 11 community organizations across Canada. Approximately 1–2 months following the intervention, participants completed semi-structured interviews or focus groups wherein they were asked open-ended questions about their experiences in the intervention. Using a phenomenological approach, the results indicated that (1) mothers were able to identify changes in their cognitions and behaviors across three key domains (self, relationships, and parenting), (2) mothers linked these changes to their experiences in the intervention. We integrated and mapped the perceived pathways of change experienced by mothers, which included critical pathways involving self-compassion and self-forgiveness leading to self-esteem and empowerment. The results have implications for our ability to effectively deliver this interpersonal violence intervention, as well as more broadly to improve our understanding of the pathways of change for mothers experiencing violence in relationships.
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spelling doaj-art-61d8fefc630042068bf2b4ff4758cebe2025-08-20T03:32:31ZengMDPI AGBehavioral Sciences2076-328X2025-05-0115673910.3390/bs15060739Perceived Pathways of Change in an Interpersonal Violence Intervention for Mothers: The Importance of Self-CompassionKirsten MacAulay0Naomi C. Z. Andrews1Mary Motz2Gloria J. Lee3Debra J. Pepler4Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, CanadaDepartment of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, CanadaEarly Intervention Department, Mothercraft, 393 King Street East, Toronto, ON M5A 1L3, CanadaEarly Intervention Department, Mothercraft, 393 King Street East, Toronto, ON M5A 1L3, CanadaDepartment of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, CanadaInterventions to support mothers experiencing interpersonal violence are critical, yet most evaluation research focuses on outcome evaluation, rather than understanding the pathways of change. The goal of the current study was to understand, via mothers’ own perspectives, the specific key pathways through which participation in an interpersonal violence intervention resulted in perceptions of change for mothers and their children. The participants (<i>N</i> = 43, 18–43 years old) were mothers who attended and completed a 6–8-week interpersonal violence intervention within 11 community organizations across Canada. Approximately 1–2 months following the intervention, participants completed semi-structured interviews or focus groups wherein they were asked open-ended questions about their experiences in the intervention. Using a phenomenological approach, the results indicated that (1) mothers were able to identify changes in their cognitions and behaviors across three key domains (self, relationships, and parenting), (2) mothers linked these changes to their experiences in the intervention. We integrated and mapped the perceived pathways of change experienced by mothers, which included critical pathways involving self-compassion and self-forgiveness leading to self-esteem and empowerment. The results have implications for our ability to effectively deliver this interpersonal violence intervention, as well as more broadly to improve our understanding of the pathways of change for mothers experiencing violence in relationships.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/6/739intimate partner violenceviolence against womeninterventionparenting self-compassion
spellingShingle Kirsten MacAulay
Naomi C. Z. Andrews
Mary Motz
Gloria J. Lee
Debra J. Pepler
Perceived Pathways of Change in an Interpersonal Violence Intervention for Mothers: The Importance of Self-Compassion
Behavioral Sciences
intimate partner violence
violence against women
intervention
parenting self-compassion
title Perceived Pathways of Change in an Interpersonal Violence Intervention for Mothers: The Importance of Self-Compassion
title_full Perceived Pathways of Change in an Interpersonal Violence Intervention for Mothers: The Importance of Self-Compassion
title_fullStr Perceived Pathways of Change in an Interpersonal Violence Intervention for Mothers: The Importance of Self-Compassion
title_full_unstemmed Perceived Pathways of Change in an Interpersonal Violence Intervention for Mothers: The Importance of Self-Compassion
title_short Perceived Pathways of Change in an Interpersonal Violence Intervention for Mothers: The Importance of Self-Compassion
title_sort perceived pathways of change in an interpersonal violence intervention for mothers the importance of self compassion
topic intimate partner violence
violence against women
intervention
parenting self-compassion
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/6/739
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