Risk of Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) and Proton Pump Inhibitor Users Compared with NSAID-Only Users: A Common Data Model Analysis

Background/Aims: Recent studies have shown an increased risk of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in patients who use both nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). We analyzed the risk of lower gastrointestinal bleeding and compared this risk between NSAID+PPI u...

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Main Authors: Moonhyung Lee, Myoungsuk Kim, Jae Myung Cha
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Gastroenterology Council for Gut and Liver 2025-03-01
Series:Gut and Liver
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Online Access:http://gutnliver.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.5009/gnl240247
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author Moonhyung Lee
Myoungsuk Kim
Jae Myung Cha
author_facet Moonhyung Lee
Myoungsuk Kim
Jae Myung Cha
author_sort Moonhyung Lee
collection DOAJ
description Background/Aims: Recent studies have shown an increased risk of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in patients who use both nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). We analyzed the risk of lower gastrointestinal bleeding and compared this risk between NSAID+PPI users and NSAID-only users. Methods: In this retrospective, observational study, data from five hospitals were analyzed using a common data model to determine the risk of lower gastrointestinal bleeding and compare this risk between NSAID+PPI users (target cohort) and NSAID-only users (comparative cohort). Cox proportional hazard models and the Kaplan-Meier estimations were employed after extensive propensity score matching. Results: Among 24,530 individuals in the target cohort and 57,264 in the comparative cohort, 8,728 propensity score-matched pairs were analyzed. The risk of lower gastrointestinal bleeding was significantly higher in NSAID+PPI users than in NSAID-only users (hazard ratio [HR], 2.843; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.998 to 4.044; p<0.001). Similar findings were also noted in elderly patients >65 years (HR, 2.737), males (HR, 2.963), and females (HR, 3.221). However, the risk of lower gastrointestinal bleeding was comparable between NSAID+mucoprotective agent users and NSAID-only users (HR, 2.057; 95% CI, 0.714 to 5.924; p=0.172). Conclusions: The risk of lower gastrointestinal bleeding was higher in NSAID+PPI users than in NSAID-only users. However, the risk of lower gastrointestinal bleeding was comparable between NSAID+mucoprotective agent users and NSAID-only users.
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spelling doaj-art-61d8a2fd025e40529571b4c45050baa82025-08-20T02:53:16ZengGastroenterology Council for Gut and LiverGut and Liver1976-22832025-03-0119224325210.5009/gnl240247gnl240247Risk of Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) and Proton Pump Inhibitor Users Compared with NSAID-Only Users: A Common Data Model AnalysisMoonhyung Lee0Myoungsuk Kim1Jae Myung Cha2Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Healthcare Big-Data Center, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, KoreaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, KoreaBackground/Aims: Recent studies have shown an increased risk of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in patients who use both nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). We analyzed the risk of lower gastrointestinal bleeding and compared this risk between NSAID+PPI users and NSAID-only users. Methods: In this retrospective, observational study, data from five hospitals were analyzed using a common data model to determine the risk of lower gastrointestinal bleeding and compare this risk between NSAID+PPI users (target cohort) and NSAID-only users (comparative cohort). Cox proportional hazard models and the Kaplan-Meier estimations were employed after extensive propensity score matching. Results: Among 24,530 individuals in the target cohort and 57,264 in the comparative cohort, 8,728 propensity score-matched pairs were analyzed. The risk of lower gastrointestinal bleeding was significantly higher in NSAID+PPI users than in NSAID-only users (hazard ratio [HR], 2.843; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.998 to 4.044; p<0.001). Similar findings were also noted in elderly patients >65 years (HR, 2.737), males (HR, 2.963), and females (HR, 3.221). However, the risk of lower gastrointestinal bleeding was comparable between NSAID+mucoprotective agent users and NSAID-only users (HR, 2.057; 95% CI, 0.714 to 5.924; p=0.172). Conclusions: The risk of lower gastrointestinal bleeding was higher in NSAID+PPI users than in NSAID-only users. However, the risk of lower gastrointestinal bleeding was comparable between NSAID+mucoprotective agent users and NSAID-only users.http://gutnliver.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.5009/gnl240247nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drughemorrhageproton pump inhibitors
spellingShingle Moonhyung Lee
Myoungsuk Kim
Jae Myung Cha
Risk of Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) and Proton Pump Inhibitor Users Compared with NSAID-Only Users: A Common Data Model Analysis
Gut and Liver
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
hemorrhage
proton pump inhibitors
title Risk of Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) and Proton Pump Inhibitor Users Compared with NSAID-Only Users: A Common Data Model Analysis
title_full Risk of Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) and Proton Pump Inhibitor Users Compared with NSAID-Only Users: A Common Data Model Analysis
title_fullStr Risk of Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) and Proton Pump Inhibitor Users Compared with NSAID-Only Users: A Common Data Model Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Risk of Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) and Proton Pump Inhibitor Users Compared with NSAID-Only Users: A Common Data Model Analysis
title_short Risk of Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) and Proton Pump Inhibitor Users Compared with NSAID-Only Users: A Common Data Model Analysis
title_sort risk of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug nsaid and proton pump inhibitor users compared with nsaid only users a common data model analysis
topic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
hemorrhage
proton pump inhibitors
url http://gutnliver.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.5009/gnl240247
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