Shared Genomic Features Between Lung Adenocarcinoma and Type 2 Diabetes: A Bioinformatics Study

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a common histopathological variant of non-small cell lung cancer. Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) face an elevated risk of developing LUAD. We examined the common genomic characteristics between LUAD and T2DM through bioinformatics analysis. Methods:...

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Main Authors: Nuerbiye Nueraihemaiti, Dilihuma Dilimulati, Alhar Baishan, Sendaer Hailati, Nulibiya Maihemuti, Alifeiye Aikebaier, Yipaerguli Paerhati, Wenting Zhou
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Biology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/4/331
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author Nuerbiye Nueraihemaiti
Dilihuma Dilimulati
Alhar Baishan
Sendaer Hailati
Nulibiya Maihemuti
Alifeiye Aikebaier
Yipaerguli Paerhati
Wenting Zhou
author_facet Nuerbiye Nueraihemaiti
Dilihuma Dilimulati
Alhar Baishan
Sendaer Hailati
Nulibiya Maihemuti
Alifeiye Aikebaier
Yipaerguli Paerhati
Wenting Zhou
author_sort Nuerbiye Nueraihemaiti
collection DOAJ
description Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a common histopathological variant of non-small cell lung cancer. Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) face an elevated risk of developing LUAD. We examined the common genomic characteristics between LUAD and T2DM through bioinformatics analysis. Methods: We acquired the GSE40791, GSE25724, GSE10072, and GSE71416 datasets. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through R software, particularly its version 4.1.3 and analyzed via gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Subsequently, we analyzed the relationship between immune cell infiltration and DEGs. we constructed a protein–protein interaction network using STRING and visualized it with Cytoscape. Moreover, gene modules were identified utilizing the MCODE plugin, and hub genes were selected through the CytoHubba plugin. Additionally, we evaluated the predictive significance of hub genes using receiver operating characteristic curves and identified the final central hub genes. Finally, we forecasted the regulatory networks of miRNA and transcription factors for the central hub genes. Results: A total of 748 DEGs were identified. Analysis of immune infiltration showed a notable accumulation of effector-memory CD8 T cells, T follicular helper cells, type 1 T helper cells, activated B cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and neutrophils in both LUAD and T2DM. Moreover, these DEGs were predominantly enriched in immune-related pathways, including the positive regulation of I-κB kinase/NF-κB signaling, positive regulation of immunoglobulin production, cellular response to interleukin-7, and cellular response to interleukin-4. The TGF-β signaling pathway was significantly important among them. Additionally, seven hub genes were identified, including <i>ATR</i>, <i>RFC4</i>, <i>MCM2</i>, <i>NUP155</i>, <i>NUP107</i>, <i>NUP85</i>, and <i>NUP37</i>. Among them, <i>ATR</i>, <i>RFC4</i>, and <i>MCM2</i> were identified as pivotal hub genes. Additionally, hsa-mir147a, hsa-mir16-5p, and hsa-mir-1-3p were associated with LUAD and T2DM. SP1 (specific protein 1) and KDM5A (lysine-specific demethylase 5A) regulated <i>MCM2</i>, <i>ATR</i>, and <i>RFC4</i>. Conclusions: Our study elucidates the common mechanisms of immune response, TGF-β signaling pathway, and natural killer cells in LUAD and T2DM, and identifies <i>ATR</i>, <i>RFC4</i>, and <i>MCM2</i> as key potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the comorbidity of these two conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-61c6ae0bfb814bbbbadb7891deceabb82025-08-20T02:17:24ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372025-03-0114433110.3390/biology14040331Shared Genomic Features Between Lung Adenocarcinoma and Type 2 Diabetes: A Bioinformatics StudyNuerbiye Nueraihemaiti0Dilihuma Dilimulati1Alhar Baishan2Sendaer Hailati3Nulibiya Maihemuti4Alifeiye Aikebaier5Yipaerguli Paerhati6Wenting Zhou7Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, ChinaBackground: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a common histopathological variant of non-small cell lung cancer. Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) face an elevated risk of developing LUAD. We examined the common genomic characteristics between LUAD and T2DM through bioinformatics analysis. Methods: We acquired the GSE40791, GSE25724, GSE10072, and GSE71416 datasets. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through R software, particularly its version 4.1.3 and analyzed via gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Subsequently, we analyzed the relationship between immune cell infiltration and DEGs. we constructed a protein–protein interaction network using STRING and visualized it with Cytoscape. Moreover, gene modules were identified utilizing the MCODE plugin, and hub genes were selected through the CytoHubba plugin. Additionally, we evaluated the predictive significance of hub genes using receiver operating characteristic curves and identified the final central hub genes. Finally, we forecasted the regulatory networks of miRNA and transcription factors for the central hub genes. Results: A total of 748 DEGs were identified. Analysis of immune infiltration showed a notable accumulation of effector-memory CD8 T cells, T follicular helper cells, type 1 T helper cells, activated B cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and neutrophils in both LUAD and T2DM. Moreover, these DEGs were predominantly enriched in immune-related pathways, including the positive regulation of I-κB kinase/NF-κB signaling, positive regulation of immunoglobulin production, cellular response to interleukin-7, and cellular response to interleukin-4. The TGF-β signaling pathway was significantly important among them. Additionally, seven hub genes were identified, including <i>ATR</i>, <i>RFC4</i>, <i>MCM2</i>, <i>NUP155</i>, <i>NUP107</i>, <i>NUP85</i>, and <i>NUP37</i>. Among them, <i>ATR</i>, <i>RFC4</i>, and <i>MCM2</i> were identified as pivotal hub genes. Additionally, hsa-mir147a, hsa-mir16-5p, and hsa-mir-1-3p were associated with LUAD and T2DM. SP1 (specific protein 1) and KDM5A (lysine-specific demethylase 5A) regulated <i>MCM2</i>, <i>ATR</i>, and <i>RFC4</i>. Conclusions: Our study elucidates the common mechanisms of immune response, TGF-β signaling pathway, and natural killer cells in LUAD and T2DM, and identifies <i>ATR</i>, <i>RFC4</i>, and <i>MCM2</i> as key potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the comorbidity of these two conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/4/331lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD)type 2 diabetes (T2DM)bioinformaticsgenomic features
spellingShingle Nuerbiye Nueraihemaiti
Dilihuma Dilimulati
Alhar Baishan
Sendaer Hailati
Nulibiya Maihemuti
Alifeiye Aikebaier
Yipaerguli Paerhati
Wenting Zhou
Shared Genomic Features Between Lung Adenocarcinoma and Type 2 Diabetes: A Bioinformatics Study
Biology
lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD)
type 2 diabetes (T2DM)
bioinformatics
genomic features
title Shared Genomic Features Between Lung Adenocarcinoma and Type 2 Diabetes: A Bioinformatics Study
title_full Shared Genomic Features Between Lung Adenocarcinoma and Type 2 Diabetes: A Bioinformatics Study
title_fullStr Shared Genomic Features Between Lung Adenocarcinoma and Type 2 Diabetes: A Bioinformatics Study
title_full_unstemmed Shared Genomic Features Between Lung Adenocarcinoma and Type 2 Diabetes: A Bioinformatics Study
title_short Shared Genomic Features Between Lung Adenocarcinoma and Type 2 Diabetes: A Bioinformatics Study
title_sort shared genomic features between lung adenocarcinoma and type 2 diabetes a bioinformatics study
topic lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD)
type 2 diabetes (T2DM)
bioinformatics
genomic features
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/4/331
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