Impact of phytosterol supplementation on metabolic syndrome factors: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Abstract Background Phytosterols (PSs), plant-like organic structures with close similarity to cholesterol, might be useful therapeutically for hypertension, central obesity, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia, which are components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This systematic review aimed to evaluate t...

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Main Authors: Faezeh Ghanbari-Gohari, Mohammad Khaksari, Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami, Ladan Amirkhosravi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-025-01887-2
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author Faezeh Ghanbari-Gohari
Mohammad Khaksari
Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami
Ladan Amirkhosravi
author_facet Faezeh Ghanbari-Gohari
Mohammad Khaksari
Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami
Ladan Amirkhosravi
author_sort Faezeh Ghanbari-Gohari
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Phytosterols (PSs), plant-like organic structures with close similarity to cholesterol, might be useful therapeutically for hypertension, central obesity, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia, which are components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of phytosterol supplementation on MetS components in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Methods A systematic search of RCTs published in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to October 18, 2023. was conducted according to the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items of the Guidelines for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) statement. The research was updated by January 3, 2025. A total of 14 RCTS of PS intervention on MetS factor were included in a preliminary screening of the retrieved literature by Endnote 21. We assessed the quality of all included randomized controlled trials using the Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias tool. Results PS supplementation resulted in a modest improvement in MetS factors. In particular, fasting blood glucose decreased by about 2%, systolic blood pressure decreased by 3–5%, and triglyceride levels dropped by 19–24%. Waist circumference and HDL cholesterol changes were slight, negligible in most cases. Conclusion PS supplementation appears to improve blood pressure, triglyceride levels, and other features of MetS. These findings differ from study to study, and treatment periods were frequently shorter. To fully comprehend the long-term advantages, further well-designed research is required.
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spelling doaj-art-61bc7cfb30634f178f48f2255cdbba802025-08-20T03:44:06ZengBMCDiabetology & Metabolic Syndrome1758-59962025-08-0117111510.1186/s13098-025-01887-2Impact of phytosterol supplementation on metabolic syndrome factors: a systematic review of randomized controlled trialsFaezeh Ghanbari-Gohari0Mohammad Khaksari1Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami2Ladan Amirkhosravi3Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman University of Medical SciencesPhysiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical SciencesHIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical ScienceEndocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Phytosterols (PSs), plant-like organic structures with close similarity to cholesterol, might be useful therapeutically for hypertension, central obesity, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia, which are components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of phytosterol supplementation on MetS components in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Methods A systematic search of RCTs published in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to October 18, 2023. was conducted according to the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items of the Guidelines for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) statement. The research was updated by January 3, 2025. A total of 14 RCTS of PS intervention on MetS factor were included in a preliminary screening of the retrieved literature by Endnote 21. We assessed the quality of all included randomized controlled trials using the Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias tool. Results PS supplementation resulted in a modest improvement in MetS factors. In particular, fasting blood glucose decreased by about 2%, systolic blood pressure decreased by 3–5%, and triglyceride levels dropped by 19–24%. Waist circumference and HDL cholesterol changes were slight, negligible in most cases. Conclusion PS supplementation appears to improve blood pressure, triglyceride levels, and other features of MetS. These findings differ from study to study, and treatment periods were frequently shorter. To fully comprehend the long-term advantages, further well-designed research is required.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-025-01887-2PhytosterolsDietary supplementsLipid metabolismWaist circumferenceBlood glucose levelBlood pressure
spellingShingle Faezeh Ghanbari-Gohari
Mohammad Khaksari
Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami
Ladan Amirkhosravi
Impact of phytosterol supplementation on metabolic syndrome factors: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome
Phytosterols
Dietary supplements
Lipid metabolism
Waist circumference
Blood glucose level
Blood pressure
title Impact of phytosterol supplementation on metabolic syndrome factors: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
title_full Impact of phytosterol supplementation on metabolic syndrome factors: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
title_fullStr Impact of phytosterol supplementation on metabolic syndrome factors: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
title_full_unstemmed Impact of phytosterol supplementation on metabolic syndrome factors: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
title_short Impact of phytosterol supplementation on metabolic syndrome factors: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
title_sort impact of phytosterol supplementation on metabolic syndrome factors a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
topic Phytosterols
Dietary supplements
Lipid metabolism
Waist circumference
Blood glucose level
Blood pressure
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-025-01887-2
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