An extensive assessment of exploitation indicators for multispecies fisheries in the South China Sea to inform more practical and precise management in China

China is the largest producer of marine capture fisheries globally. Overfishing since the 1970s has led to a decline in fishery resources in Chinese coastal waters. After China’s reform and opening up, a series of management measures were implemented to alleviate marine fishing pressure and conserve...

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Main Authors: Kui Zhang, Li Su, Zuozhi Chen, Yongsong Qiu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Ecological Indicators
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X25002948
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author Kui Zhang
Li Su
Zuozhi Chen
Yongsong Qiu
author_facet Kui Zhang
Li Su
Zuozhi Chen
Yongsong Qiu
author_sort Kui Zhang
collection DOAJ
description China is the largest producer of marine capture fisheries globally. Overfishing since the 1970s has led to a decline in fishery resources in Chinese coastal waters. After China’s reform and opening up, a series of management measures were implemented to alleviate marine fishing pressure and conserve the fisheries resources. We conducted a comprehensive assessment for multispecies fisheries in the South China Sea (SCS) to explore whether fisheries management has been effective in recovery of the resources. Indicators of the exploitation status of major commercial fish species were assessed using statistical catch data and survey data simultaneously. The results reveal a significant shift in bottom-trawl fishery, with its share of the total catch transitioning from an upward to a currently downward trend. The species composition of bottom-trawl fisheries has undergone substantial changes in the SCS over six decades. Stock assessment results based on catch data indicated some positive signals, with small pelagic fishes, such as herrings, anchovies, mackerel and scad recovering from overfished/overfishing to a healthy status. However, the exploitation status of high-trophic-level fish species, such as conger pike and groupers, were still in overfished status. Assessment based on length data was less optimistic. Our uncertainty analysis showed that the catch-based model is less sensitive to parameters compared with the two length-based models considered here. We advocate for more practical and precise fisheries management in China, such as category/species-based management, further optimization and improvement of the fishing structure, development of a scientific quota-based system, ecosystem management that incorporates climate factors, and establishment of marine protected areas for fish species that are severely overfished or have high ecological value.
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spelling doaj-art-61b8fedb4a6349ba8908930e197ee59f2025-08-20T03:18:09ZengElsevierEcological Indicators1470-160X2025-04-0117311336310.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113363An extensive assessment of exploitation indicators for multispecies fisheries in the South China Sea to inform more practical and precise management in ChinaKui Zhang0Li Su1Zuozhi Chen2Yongsong Qiu3South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Open-Sea Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China; Corresponding authors at: South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China.South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Open-Sea Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, ChinaSouth China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Open-Sea Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China; Corresponding authors at: South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China.South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Open-Sea Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, ChinaChina is the largest producer of marine capture fisheries globally. Overfishing since the 1970s has led to a decline in fishery resources in Chinese coastal waters. After China’s reform and opening up, a series of management measures were implemented to alleviate marine fishing pressure and conserve the fisheries resources. We conducted a comprehensive assessment for multispecies fisheries in the South China Sea (SCS) to explore whether fisheries management has been effective in recovery of the resources. Indicators of the exploitation status of major commercial fish species were assessed using statistical catch data and survey data simultaneously. The results reveal a significant shift in bottom-trawl fishery, with its share of the total catch transitioning from an upward to a currently downward trend. The species composition of bottom-trawl fisheries has undergone substantial changes in the SCS over six decades. Stock assessment results based on catch data indicated some positive signals, with small pelagic fishes, such as herrings, anchovies, mackerel and scad recovering from overfished/overfishing to a healthy status. However, the exploitation status of high-trophic-level fish species, such as conger pike and groupers, were still in overfished status. Assessment based on length data was less optimistic. Our uncertainty analysis showed that the catch-based model is less sensitive to parameters compared with the two length-based models considered here. We advocate for more practical and precise fisheries management in China, such as category/species-based management, further optimization and improvement of the fishing structure, development of a scientific quota-based system, ecosystem management that incorporates climate factors, and establishment of marine protected areas for fish species that are severely overfished or have high ecological value.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X25002948Data-limited assessment modelsExploitation statusFisheries managementOverfishingThe South China SeaTrawl fisheries
spellingShingle Kui Zhang
Li Su
Zuozhi Chen
Yongsong Qiu
An extensive assessment of exploitation indicators for multispecies fisheries in the South China Sea to inform more practical and precise management in China
Ecological Indicators
Data-limited assessment models
Exploitation status
Fisheries management
Overfishing
The South China Sea
Trawl fisheries
title An extensive assessment of exploitation indicators for multispecies fisheries in the South China Sea to inform more practical and precise management in China
title_full An extensive assessment of exploitation indicators for multispecies fisheries in the South China Sea to inform more practical and precise management in China
title_fullStr An extensive assessment of exploitation indicators for multispecies fisheries in the South China Sea to inform more practical and precise management in China
title_full_unstemmed An extensive assessment of exploitation indicators for multispecies fisheries in the South China Sea to inform more practical and precise management in China
title_short An extensive assessment of exploitation indicators for multispecies fisheries in the South China Sea to inform more practical and precise management in China
title_sort extensive assessment of exploitation indicators for multispecies fisheries in the south china sea to inform more practical and precise management in china
topic Data-limited assessment models
Exploitation status
Fisheries management
Overfishing
The South China Sea
Trawl fisheries
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X25002948
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