Configural processing as an optimized strategy for robust object recognition in neural networks

Abstract Configural processing, the perception of spatial relationships among an object’s components, is crucial for object recognition, yet its teleology and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesize that configural processing drives robust recognition under varying conditions. Using ide...

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Main Authors: Hojin Jang, Pawan Sinha, Xavier Boix
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Communications Biology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07672-1
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author Hojin Jang
Pawan Sinha
Xavier Boix
author_facet Hojin Jang
Pawan Sinha
Xavier Boix
author_sort Hojin Jang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Configural processing, the perception of spatial relationships among an object’s components, is crucial for object recognition, yet its teleology and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesize that configural processing drives robust recognition under varying conditions. Using identification tasks with composite letter stimuli, we compare neural network models trained with either configural or local cues. We find that configural cues support robust generalization across geometric transformations (e.g., rotation, scaling) and novel feature sets. When both cues are available, configural cues dominate local features. Layerwise analysis reveals that sensitivity to configural cues emerges later in processing, likely enhancing robustness to pixel-level transformations. Notably, this occurs in a purely feedforward manner without recurrent computations. These findings with letter stimuli successfully extend to naturalistic face images. Our results demonstrate that configural processing emerges in a naíve network based on task contingencies, and is beneficial for robust object processing under varying viewing conditions.
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publishDate 2025-03-01
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spelling doaj-art-61951b39e5da45cc8fdd76ec61fbc2322025-08-20T03:05:48ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Biology2399-36422025-03-018111110.1038/s42003-025-07672-1Configural processing as an optimized strategy for robust object recognition in neural networksHojin Jang0Pawan Sinha1Xavier Boix2Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea UniversityDepartment of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyArtificial Intelligence Laboratory, Fujitsu Research of AmericaAbstract Configural processing, the perception of spatial relationships among an object’s components, is crucial for object recognition, yet its teleology and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesize that configural processing drives robust recognition under varying conditions. Using identification tasks with composite letter stimuli, we compare neural network models trained with either configural or local cues. We find that configural cues support robust generalization across geometric transformations (e.g., rotation, scaling) and novel feature sets. When both cues are available, configural cues dominate local features. Layerwise analysis reveals that sensitivity to configural cues emerges later in processing, likely enhancing robustness to pixel-level transformations. Notably, this occurs in a purely feedforward manner without recurrent computations. These findings with letter stimuli successfully extend to naturalistic face images. Our results demonstrate that configural processing emerges in a naíve network based on task contingencies, and is beneficial for robust object processing under varying viewing conditions.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07672-1
spellingShingle Hojin Jang
Pawan Sinha
Xavier Boix
Configural processing as an optimized strategy for robust object recognition in neural networks
Communications Biology
title Configural processing as an optimized strategy for robust object recognition in neural networks
title_full Configural processing as an optimized strategy for robust object recognition in neural networks
title_fullStr Configural processing as an optimized strategy for robust object recognition in neural networks
title_full_unstemmed Configural processing as an optimized strategy for robust object recognition in neural networks
title_short Configural processing as an optimized strategy for robust object recognition in neural networks
title_sort configural processing as an optimized strategy for robust object recognition in neural networks
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07672-1
work_keys_str_mv AT hojinjang configuralprocessingasanoptimizedstrategyforrobustobjectrecognitioninneuralnetworks
AT pawansinha configuralprocessingasanoptimizedstrategyforrobustobjectrecognitioninneuralnetworks
AT xavierboix configuralprocessingasanoptimizedstrategyforrobustobjectrecognitioninneuralnetworks