Accurate Rotor Temperature Prediction of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor in Electric Vehicles Using a Hybrid RIME-XGBoost Model

With the growing global focus on environmental protection and carbon emissions, electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly popular. Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have emerged as a core component of the drive system due to their high-power density and compact design. The rotor te...

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Main Authors: Jianzhao Shan, Zhongyuan Che, Fengbin Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3688
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author Jianzhao Shan
Zhongyuan Che
Fengbin Liu
author_facet Jianzhao Shan
Zhongyuan Che
Fengbin Liu
author_sort Jianzhao Shan
collection DOAJ
description With the growing global focus on environmental protection and carbon emissions, electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly popular. Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have emerged as a core component of the drive system due to their high-power density and compact design. The rotor temperature of PMSMs significantly affects their operating efficiency, management strategies, and lifespan. However, real-time monitoring and acquisition of rotor temperature are challenging due to cost and space limitations. Therefore, this study proposes a hybrid model named RIME-XGBoost, which integrates the RIME optimization algorithm with XGBoost, for the precise modeling and prediction of PMSM rotor temperature. RIME-XGBoost utilizes easily monitored dynamic parameters such as motor speed, torque, and currents and voltages in the d-q coordinate system as input features. It simultaneously optimizes three hyperparameters (number of trees, tree depth, and learning rate) to achieve high learning efficiency and good generalization performance. The experimental results show that, on both medium-scale datasets and small-sample datasets in high-temperature ranges, RIME-XGBoost outperforms existing methods such as SMA-RF, SO-BiGRU, and EO-SVR in terms of RMSE, MBE, R-squared, and Runtime. RIME-XGBoost effectively enhances the prediction accuracy and computational efficiency of rotor temperature. This study provides a new technical solution for temperature management in EVs and offers valuable insights for research in related fields.
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spelling doaj-art-618dde57d3d54108a9c76c75e6123f0e2025-08-20T03:06:28ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-03-01157368810.3390/app15073688Accurate Rotor Temperature Prediction of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor in Electric Vehicles Using a Hybrid RIME-XGBoost ModelJianzhao Shan0Zhongyuan Che1Fengbin Liu2School of Mechanical and Material Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Material Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, ChinaWith the growing global focus on environmental protection and carbon emissions, electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly popular. Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have emerged as a core component of the drive system due to their high-power density and compact design. The rotor temperature of PMSMs significantly affects their operating efficiency, management strategies, and lifespan. However, real-time monitoring and acquisition of rotor temperature are challenging due to cost and space limitations. Therefore, this study proposes a hybrid model named RIME-XGBoost, which integrates the RIME optimization algorithm with XGBoost, for the precise modeling and prediction of PMSM rotor temperature. RIME-XGBoost utilizes easily monitored dynamic parameters such as motor speed, torque, and currents and voltages in the d-q coordinate system as input features. It simultaneously optimizes three hyperparameters (number of trees, tree depth, and learning rate) to achieve high learning efficiency and good generalization performance. The experimental results show that, on both medium-scale datasets and small-sample datasets in high-temperature ranges, RIME-XGBoost outperforms existing methods such as SMA-RF, SO-BiGRU, and EO-SVR in terms of RMSE, MBE, R-squared, and Runtime. RIME-XGBoost effectively enhances the prediction accuracy and computational efficiency of rotor temperature. This study provides a new technical solution for temperature management in EVs and offers valuable insights for research in related fields.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3688permanent magnet synchronous motorrotor temperature predictionhybrid modelXGBoostRIME optimization algorithm
spellingShingle Jianzhao Shan
Zhongyuan Che
Fengbin Liu
Accurate Rotor Temperature Prediction of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor in Electric Vehicles Using a Hybrid RIME-XGBoost Model
Applied Sciences
permanent magnet synchronous motor
rotor temperature prediction
hybrid model
XGBoost
RIME optimization algorithm
title Accurate Rotor Temperature Prediction of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor in Electric Vehicles Using a Hybrid RIME-XGBoost Model
title_full Accurate Rotor Temperature Prediction of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor in Electric Vehicles Using a Hybrid RIME-XGBoost Model
title_fullStr Accurate Rotor Temperature Prediction of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor in Electric Vehicles Using a Hybrid RIME-XGBoost Model
title_full_unstemmed Accurate Rotor Temperature Prediction of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor in Electric Vehicles Using a Hybrid RIME-XGBoost Model
title_short Accurate Rotor Temperature Prediction of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor in Electric Vehicles Using a Hybrid RIME-XGBoost Model
title_sort accurate rotor temperature prediction of permanent magnet synchronous motor in electric vehicles using a hybrid rime xgboost model
topic permanent magnet synchronous motor
rotor temperature prediction
hybrid model
XGBoost
RIME optimization algorithm
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3688
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AT zhongyuanche accuraterotortemperaturepredictionofpermanentmagnetsynchronousmotorinelectricvehiclesusingahybridrimexgboostmodel
AT fengbinliu accuraterotortemperaturepredictionofpermanentmagnetsynchronousmotorinelectricvehiclesusingahybridrimexgboostmodel