Separability of Histogram Based Features for Optical Performance Monitoring: An Investigation Using t-SNE Technique
In this paper, we study the separability of the commonly used features to monitor the performance of optical signal in coherent optical systems. Specifically, our study focuses on the histogram-based features; the asynchronous amplitude histogram (AAH) and the two-dimensional extension of AAH, which...
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2019-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Photonics Journal |
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| author | Waddah S. Saif Tariq Alshawi Maged Abdullah Esmail Amr Ragheb Saleh Alshebeili |
| author_facet | Waddah S. Saif Tariq Alshawi Maged Abdullah Esmail Amr Ragheb Saleh Alshebeili |
| author_sort | Waddah S. Saif |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, we study the separability of the commonly used features to monitor the performance of optical signal in coherent optical systems. Specifically, our study focuses on the histogram-based features; the asynchronous amplitude histogram (AAH) and the two-dimensional extension of AAH, which we call IQ histogram (IQH). We investigate the conditions under which the optical channel impairments can be monitored. This study utilizes a dimensionality reduction technique, known as the t-distribution stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE). Using t-SNE, we show that under certain conditions the histogram-based features cannot be used to distinguish between the high and low impairment effects, rendering these features useless for certain cases, regardless of the type or complexity of the implemented impairments’ estimator/classifier. Extensive simulations results have been conducted to investigate single and multiple impairments conditions and the performance of histogram-based features in each case. The results show that both AAH and IQH can be used for monitoring all types of single Impairment except phase noise in case of AAH. Moreover, under multiple impairments conditions, polarization mode dispersion values can be monitored to some extent, while it is difficult to monitor optical signal-to-noise ratio and chromatic dispersion values especially in the case of concurrent presence of more than two impairments. The results of these investigations are validated by providing a quantitative measure that ties their usefulness to the actual monitoring performance through the estimation of channel impairments under different conditions using linear support vector machine (SVM) regression. It has been found that there is a match to a great extent between the separability investigation using t-SNE and estimation results obtained using SVM. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-618ced903abc4f0dbf57b5e0a1954c73 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1943-0655 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
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| series | IEEE Photonics Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-618ced903abc4f0dbf57b5e0a1954c732025-08-20T03:33:11ZengIEEEIEEE Photonics Journal1943-06552019-01-0111311210.1109/JPHOT.2019.29136878701478Separability of Histogram Based Features for Optical Performance Monitoring: An Investigation Using t-SNE TechniqueWaddah S. Saif0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8140-8803Tariq Alshawi1Maged Abdullah Esmail2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9025-0529Amr Ragheb3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4449-0182Saleh Alshebeili4Department of Electrical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCommunications and Networks Department, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaKACST-TIC in Radio Frequency and Photonics for the e-Society, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaIn this paper, we study the separability of the commonly used features to monitor the performance of optical signal in coherent optical systems. Specifically, our study focuses on the histogram-based features; the asynchronous amplitude histogram (AAH) and the two-dimensional extension of AAH, which we call IQ histogram (IQH). We investigate the conditions under which the optical channel impairments can be monitored. This study utilizes a dimensionality reduction technique, known as the t-distribution stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE). Using t-SNE, we show that under certain conditions the histogram-based features cannot be used to distinguish between the high and low impairment effects, rendering these features useless for certain cases, regardless of the type or complexity of the implemented impairments’ estimator/classifier. Extensive simulations results have been conducted to investigate single and multiple impairments conditions and the performance of histogram-based features in each case. The results show that both AAH and IQH can be used for monitoring all types of single Impairment except phase noise in case of AAH. Moreover, under multiple impairments conditions, polarization mode dispersion values can be monitored to some extent, while it is difficult to monitor optical signal-to-noise ratio and chromatic dispersion values especially in the case of concurrent presence of more than two impairments. The results of these investigations are validated by providing a quantitative measure that ties their usefulness to the actual monitoring performance through the estimation of channel impairments under different conditions using linear support vector machine (SVM) regression. It has been found that there is a match to a great extent between the separability investigation using t-SNE and estimation results obtained using SVM.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8701478/Optical performance monitoring (OPM)histogram-based featuresdimensionality reductionoptical coherent receivers |
| spellingShingle | Waddah S. Saif Tariq Alshawi Maged Abdullah Esmail Amr Ragheb Saleh Alshebeili Separability of Histogram Based Features for Optical Performance Monitoring: An Investigation Using t-SNE Technique IEEE Photonics Journal Optical performance monitoring (OPM) histogram-based features dimensionality reduction optical coherent receivers |
| title | Separability of Histogram Based Features for Optical Performance Monitoring: An Investigation Using t-SNE Technique |
| title_full | Separability of Histogram Based Features for Optical Performance Monitoring: An Investigation Using t-SNE Technique |
| title_fullStr | Separability of Histogram Based Features for Optical Performance Monitoring: An Investigation Using t-SNE Technique |
| title_full_unstemmed | Separability of Histogram Based Features for Optical Performance Monitoring: An Investigation Using t-SNE Technique |
| title_short | Separability of Histogram Based Features for Optical Performance Monitoring: An Investigation Using t-SNE Technique |
| title_sort | separability of histogram based features for optical performance monitoring an investigation using t sne technique |
| topic | Optical performance monitoring (OPM) histogram-based features dimensionality reduction optical coherent receivers |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8701478/ |
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