Annotating linguistic features of extreme narratives: a literature review and a proposal

The research questions addressed in this paper are twofold: 1. How can we define an extremist narrative? 2. Can a narrative’s toxicity be determined according to certain linguistic features? To this end, we first define what is currently considered an extreme narrative, with a focus on identifyi...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Fabienne Baider, Alexandros Gregoriou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Editura Universitatii din Oradea 2024-12-01
Series:Studii de Lingvistica
Subjects:
Online Access:https://studiidelingvistica.uoradea.ro/docs/14-2-2024/pdf-uri/Baider_Gregoriu.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850210627079897088
author Fabienne Baider
Alexandros Gregoriou
author_facet Fabienne Baider
Alexandros Gregoriou
author_sort Fabienne Baider
collection DOAJ
description The research questions addressed in this paper are twofold: 1. How can we define an extremist narrative? 2. Can a narrative’s toxicity be determined according to certain linguistic features? To this end, we first define what is currently considered an extreme narrative, with a focus on identifying the differences between hate speech and extreme speech. We next review annotations of hate speech and extreme speech, with a specific emphasis on linguistic features; then, drawing on our results of that review we propose an annotation schema to label extreme speech. Finally, we share the results of a small sample we annotated and reveal the most frequently and most consistently annotated features that could be representative markers of extreme speech.
format Article
id doaj-art-618af1c02b8c4dd290e9369fbe2c2e3e
institution OA Journals
issn 2248-2547
2284-5437
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher Editura Universitatii din Oradea
record_format Article
series Studii de Lingvistica
spelling doaj-art-618af1c02b8c4dd290e9369fbe2c2e3e2025-08-20T02:09:44ZengEditura Universitatii din OradeaStudii de Lingvistica2248-25472284-54372024-12-011423962Annotating linguistic features of extreme narratives: a literature review and a proposalFabienne Baider0Alexandros Gregoriou1University of CyprusUniversity of CyprusThe research questions addressed in this paper are twofold: 1. How can we define an extremist narrative? 2. Can a narrative’s toxicity be determined according to certain linguistic features? To this end, we first define what is currently considered an extreme narrative, with a focus on identifying the differences between hate speech and extreme speech. We next review annotations of hate speech and extreme speech, with a specific emphasis on linguistic features; then, drawing on our results of that review we propose an annotation schema to label extreme speech. Finally, we share the results of a small sample we annotated and reveal the most frequently and most consistently annotated features that could be representative markers of extreme speech.https://studiidelingvistica.uoradea.ro/docs/14-2-2024/pdf-uri/Baider_Gregoriu.pdfextremist narrativeshate speechannotation schematoxicitylinguistic features
spellingShingle Fabienne Baider
Alexandros Gregoriou
Annotating linguistic features of extreme narratives: a literature review and a proposal
Studii de Lingvistica
extremist narratives
hate speech
annotation schema
toxicity
linguistic features
title Annotating linguistic features of extreme narratives: a literature review and a proposal
title_full Annotating linguistic features of extreme narratives: a literature review and a proposal
title_fullStr Annotating linguistic features of extreme narratives: a literature review and a proposal
title_full_unstemmed Annotating linguistic features of extreme narratives: a literature review and a proposal
title_short Annotating linguistic features of extreme narratives: a literature review and a proposal
title_sort annotating linguistic features of extreme narratives a literature review and a proposal
topic extremist narratives
hate speech
annotation schema
toxicity
linguistic features
url https://studiidelingvistica.uoradea.ro/docs/14-2-2024/pdf-uri/Baider_Gregoriu.pdf
work_keys_str_mv AT fabiennebaider annotatinglinguisticfeaturesofextremenarrativesaliteraturereviewandaproposal
AT alexandrosgregoriou annotatinglinguisticfeaturesofextremenarrativesaliteraturereviewandaproposal