Evidence of a CP broken deconfined phase in 4D SU(2) Yang-Mills theory at θ = π from imaginary θ simulations

Abstract The spontaneous breaking of CP symmetry in 4D SU(N) pure Yang-Mills theory at θ = π has recently attracted much attention in the context of the higher-form symmetry and the ’t Hooft anomaly matching condition. Here we use Monte Carlo simulations to study the N = 2 case, which is interesting...

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Main Authors: Mitsuaki Hirasawa, Masazumi Honda, Akira Matsumoto, Jun Nishimura, Atis Yosprakob
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of High Energy Physics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2025)009
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author Mitsuaki Hirasawa
Masazumi Honda
Akira Matsumoto
Jun Nishimura
Atis Yosprakob
author_facet Mitsuaki Hirasawa
Masazumi Honda
Akira Matsumoto
Jun Nishimura
Atis Yosprakob
author_sort Mitsuaki Hirasawa
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The spontaneous breaking of CP symmetry in 4D SU(N) pure Yang-Mills theory at θ = π has recently attracted much attention in the context of the higher-form symmetry and the ’t Hooft anomaly matching condition. Here we use Monte Carlo simulations to study the N = 2 case, which is interesting since it is the case opposite to the large-N limit, where explicit calculations are available. In order to circumvent the severe sign problem due to the θ term for real θ, we first obtain results at imaginary θ, where the sign problem is absent, and make an analytic continuation to real θ. We use the stout smearing in defining the θ term in the action to be used in our simulations. Thus we obtain the expectation value of the topological charge and the deconfining temperature at θ = π, and provide evidence that the CP symmetry, which is spontaneously broken at low temperature, gets restored strictly above the deconfining temperature. This conclusion is consistent with the anomaly matching condition and yet differs from the prediction in the large-N limit.
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institution DOAJ
issn 1029-8479
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series Journal of High Energy Physics
spelling doaj-art-617eb8dba2de4a31a6917a255a887f972025-08-20T03:10:27ZengSpringerOpenJournal of High Energy Physics1029-84792025-05-012025512810.1007/JHEP05(2025)009Evidence of a CP broken deconfined phase in 4D SU(2) Yang-Mills theory at θ = π from imaginary θ simulationsMitsuaki Hirasawa0Masazumi Honda1Akira Matsumoto2Jun Nishimura3Atis Yosprakob4Department of Physics, University of Milano-BicoccaYukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto UniversityYukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto UniversityKEK Theory Center, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)Department of Physics, Niigata UniversityAbstract The spontaneous breaking of CP symmetry in 4D SU(N) pure Yang-Mills theory at θ = π has recently attracted much attention in the context of the higher-form symmetry and the ’t Hooft anomaly matching condition. Here we use Monte Carlo simulations to study the N = 2 case, which is interesting since it is the case opposite to the large-N limit, where explicit calculations are available. In order to circumvent the severe sign problem due to the θ term for real θ, we first obtain results at imaginary θ, where the sign problem is absent, and make an analytic continuation to real θ. We use the stout smearing in defining the θ term in the action to be used in our simulations. Thus we obtain the expectation value of the topological charge and the deconfining temperature at θ = π, and provide evidence that the CP symmetry, which is spontaneously broken at low temperature, gets restored strictly above the deconfining temperature. This conclusion is consistent with the anomaly matching condition and yet differs from the prediction in the large-N limit.https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2025)009Lattice Quantum Field TheoryNon-Zero Temperature and DensitySpontaneous Symmetry Breaking
spellingShingle Mitsuaki Hirasawa
Masazumi Honda
Akira Matsumoto
Jun Nishimura
Atis Yosprakob
Evidence of a CP broken deconfined phase in 4D SU(2) Yang-Mills theory at θ = π from imaginary θ simulations
Journal of High Energy Physics
Lattice Quantum Field Theory
Non-Zero Temperature and Density
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
title Evidence of a CP broken deconfined phase in 4D SU(2) Yang-Mills theory at θ = π from imaginary θ simulations
title_full Evidence of a CP broken deconfined phase in 4D SU(2) Yang-Mills theory at θ = π from imaginary θ simulations
title_fullStr Evidence of a CP broken deconfined phase in 4D SU(2) Yang-Mills theory at θ = π from imaginary θ simulations
title_full_unstemmed Evidence of a CP broken deconfined phase in 4D SU(2) Yang-Mills theory at θ = π from imaginary θ simulations
title_short Evidence of a CP broken deconfined phase in 4D SU(2) Yang-Mills theory at θ = π from imaginary θ simulations
title_sort evidence of a cp broken deconfined phase in 4d su 2 yang mills theory at θ π from imaginary θ simulations
topic Lattice Quantum Field Theory
Non-Zero Temperature and Density
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
url https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2025)009
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