A blind spot in fMRI research: Overlooked tobacco smoking-related confounds
The confounding effects of smoking are often overlooked in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research, potentially distorting results. By implementing clear guidelines and optimizing scan timing, studies can better account for tobacco's acute and withdrawal effects, improving precisi...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-08-01
|
| Series: | NeuroImage |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811925003854 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849715318468902912 |
|---|---|
| author | Merel Koster Marieke van der Pluijm Lieuwe de Haan Guido van Wingen Jentien Vermeulen |
| author_facet | Merel Koster Marieke van der Pluijm Lieuwe de Haan Guido van Wingen Jentien Vermeulen |
| author_sort | Merel Koster |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The confounding effects of smoking are often overlooked in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research, potentially distorting results. By implementing clear guidelines and optimizing scan timing, studies can better account for tobacco's acute and withdrawal effects, improving precision and reproducibility of findings in studies involving smokers. Timing scans 1–2 h after the last cigarette in regular smokers (e.g. >10 cigarettes per day) may help minimize acute nicotine effects and early withdrawal symptoms. Further, we propose a standardized reporting framework that includes smoking frequency, nicotine dependence, and timing of the last cigarette relative to scanning. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6161e237f2e5469fa62afdc9d33ae24c |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1095-9572 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | NeuroImage |
| spelling | doaj-art-6161e237f2e5469fa62afdc9d33ae24c2025-08-20T03:13:26ZengElsevierNeuroImage1095-95722025-08-0131712138210.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121382A blind spot in fMRI research: Overlooked tobacco smoking-related confoundsMerel Koster0Marieke van der Pluijm1Lieuwe de Haan2Guido van Wingen3Jentien Vermeulen4Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Corresponding author at: Amsterdam UMC - Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 5, 1102AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the NetherlandsAmsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the NetherlandsAmsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the NetherlandsAmsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the NetherlandsThe confounding effects of smoking are often overlooked in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research, potentially distorting results. By implementing clear guidelines and optimizing scan timing, studies can better account for tobacco's acute and withdrawal effects, improving precision and reproducibility of findings in studies involving smokers. Timing scans 1–2 h after the last cigarette in regular smokers (e.g. >10 cigarettes per day) may help minimize acute nicotine effects and early withdrawal symptoms. Further, we propose a standardized reporting framework that includes smoking frequency, nicotine dependence, and timing of the last cigarette relative to scanning.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811925003854Tobacco smokingNicotineMagnetic resonance imagingFunctional MRIWithdrawal |
| spellingShingle | Merel Koster Marieke van der Pluijm Lieuwe de Haan Guido van Wingen Jentien Vermeulen A blind spot in fMRI research: Overlooked tobacco smoking-related confounds NeuroImage Tobacco smoking Nicotine Magnetic resonance imaging Functional MRI Withdrawal |
| title | A blind spot in fMRI research: Overlooked tobacco smoking-related confounds |
| title_full | A blind spot in fMRI research: Overlooked tobacco smoking-related confounds |
| title_fullStr | A blind spot in fMRI research: Overlooked tobacco smoking-related confounds |
| title_full_unstemmed | A blind spot in fMRI research: Overlooked tobacco smoking-related confounds |
| title_short | A blind spot in fMRI research: Overlooked tobacco smoking-related confounds |
| title_sort | blind spot in fmri research overlooked tobacco smoking related confounds |
| topic | Tobacco smoking Nicotine Magnetic resonance imaging Functional MRI Withdrawal |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811925003854 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT merelkoster ablindspotinfmriresearchoverlookedtobaccosmokingrelatedconfounds AT mariekevanderpluijm ablindspotinfmriresearchoverlookedtobaccosmokingrelatedconfounds AT lieuwedehaan ablindspotinfmriresearchoverlookedtobaccosmokingrelatedconfounds AT guidovanwingen ablindspotinfmriresearchoverlookedtobaccosmokingrelatedconfounds AT jentienvermeulen ablindspotinfmriresearchoverlookedtobaccosmokingrelatedconfounds AT merelkoster blindspotinfmriresearchoverlookedtobaccosmokingrelatedconfounds AT mariekevanderpluijm blindspotinfmriresearchoverlookedtobaccosmokingrelatedconfounds AT lieuwedehaan blindspotinfmriresearchoverlookedtobaccosmokingrelatedconfounds AT guidovanwingen blindspotinfmriresearchoverlookedtobaccosmokingrelatedconfounds AT jentienvermeulen blindspotinfmriresearchoverlookedtobaccosmokingrelatedconfounds |