Earthquake Scenarios for Seismic Performance Assessment of Essential Facilities: Case Study of Fire Stations in Montreal

Post-earthquake fires are typically of great concern for fire protection services, which are expected to be in high demand immediately after a strong earthquake. The post-earthquake functionality of fire stations is necessary after strong earthquakes to reduce potential fire damage and improve emerg...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Thomas Lessault, Ahmad Abo El Ezz, Marie-José Nollet
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:GeoHazards
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2624-795X/6/2/22
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849472399414657024
author Thomas Lessault
Ahmad Abo El Ezz
Marie-José Nollet
author_facet Thomas Lessault
Ahmad Abo El Ezz
Marie-José Nollet
author_sort Thomas Lessault
collection DOAJ
description Post-earthquake fires are typically of great concern for fire protection services, which are expected to be in high demand immediately after a strong earthquake. The post-earthquake functionality of fire stations is necessary after strong earthquakes to reduce potential fire damage and improve emergency services. A reliable assessment of the seismic vulnerability and expected damage for fire stations is therefore a necessary step towards the identification of the most vulnerable structures and the prioritization of seismic retrofit activities. This article presents the development of a methodology for the damage assessment of fire stations based on earthquakes scenarios. The framework is based on four models: seismic hazard, inventory, fragility and impact. The seismic hazard model represents ground shaking in terms of intensity measure at each station using a ground motion prediction equation for Eastern Canada. The inventory model categorizes all the fire stations in building classes based on construction material and seismic code level. The fragility model associates building classes with fragility functions that provide the relationship between intensity measure and expected damage probabilities. The impact model converts damage probabilities into a mean damage state. All Montreal fire stations were selected as case study demonstrations. Simulations were conducted by varying the epicenter location and magnitude for a total number of 345 scenarios. Simplified relationships that correlate the earthquake magnitude and expected damage were developed. The study showed that, for magnitude 6 earthquakes, 45% of stations on average would sustain at least moderate damage. The methodology is particularly useful for emergency planning and prioritization of seismic retrofit activities.
format Article
id doaj-art-6161cdeb6f99402580892afd98b6f3c5
institution Kabale University
issn 2624-795X
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series GeoHazards
spelling doaj-art-6161cdeb6f99402580892afd98b6f3c52025-08-20T03:24:33ZengMDPI AGGeoHazards2624-795X2025-05-01622210.3390/geohazards6020022Earthquake Scenarios for Seismic Performance Assessment of Essential Facilities: Case Study of Fire Stations in MontrealThomas Lessault0Ahmad Abo El Ezz1Marie-José Nollet2École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, 1100, rue Notre-Dame Ouest, Montréal, QC H3C 1K3, CanadaÉcole de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, 1100, rue Notre-Dame Ouest, Montréal, QC H3C 1K3, CanadaÉcole de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, 1100, rue Notre-Dame Ouest, Montréal, QC H3C 1K3, CanadaPost-earthquake fires are typically of great concern for fire protection services, which are expected to be in high demand immediately after a strong earthquake. The post-earthquake functionality of fire stations is necessary after strong earthquakes to reduce potential fire damage and improve emergency services. A reliable assessment of the seismic vulnerability and expected damage for fire stations is therefore a necessary step towards the identification of the most vulnerable structures and the prioritization of seismic retrofit activities. This article presents the development of a methodology for the damage assessment of fire stations based on earthquakes scenarios. The framework is based on four models: seismic hazard, inventory, fragility and impact. The seismic hazard model represents ground shaking in terms of intensity measure at each station using a ground motion prediction equation for Eastern Canada. The inventory model categorizes all the fire stations in building classes based on construction material and seismic code level. The fragility model associates building classes with fragility functions that provide the relationship between intensity measure and expected damage probabilities. The impact model converts damage probabilities into a mean damage state. All Montreal fire stations were selected as case study demonstrations. Simulations were conducted by varying the epicenter location and magnitude for a total number of 345 scenarios. Simplified relationships that correlate the earthquake magnitude and expected damage were developed. The study showed that, for magnitude 6 earthquakes, 45% of stations on average would sustain at least moderate damage. The methodology is particularly useful for emergency planning and prioritization of seismic retrofit activities.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-795X/6/2/22fire stationsseismic riskdamage assessmentearthquake scenarios
spellingShingle Thomas Lessault
Ahmad Abo El Ezz
Marie-José Nollet
Earthquake Scenarios for Seismic Performance Assessment of Essential Facilities: Case Study of Fire Stations in Montreal
GeoHazards
fire stations
seismic risk
damage assessment
earthquake scenarios
title Earthquake Scenarios for Seismic Performance Assessment of Essential Facilities: Case Study of Fire Stations in Montreal
title_full Earthquake Scenarios for Seismic Performance Assessment of Essential Facilities: Case Study of Fire Stations in Montreal
title_fullStr Earthquake Scenarios for Seismic Performance Assessment of Essential Facilities: Case Study of Fire Stations in Montreal
title_full_unstemmed Earthquake Scenarios for Seismic Performance Assessment of Essential Facilities: Case Study of Fire Stations in Montreal
title_short Earthquake Scenarios for Seismic Performance Assessment of Essential Facilities: Case Study of Fire Stations in Montreal
title_sort earthquake scenarios for seismic performance assessment of essential facilities case study of fire stations in montreal
topic fire stations
seismic risk
damage assessment
earthquake scenarios
url https://www.mdpi.com/2624-795X/6/2/22
work_keys_str_mv AT thomaslessault earthquakescenariosforseismicperformanceassessmentofessentialfacilitiescasestudyoffirestationsinmontreal
AT ahmadaboelezz earthquakescenariosforseismicperformanceassessmentofessentialfacilitiescasestudyoffirestationsinmontreal
AT mariejosenollet earthquakescenariosforseismicperformanceassessmentofessentialfacilitiescasestudyoffirestationsinmontreal