Cmpk2 Gene and Protein Expression in Saliva or Salivary Glands of Dyslipidemic Mice

Salivary biomarkers are promising molecules for diagnosing systemic diseases. Cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2 (<i>CMPK2</i>) is associated with various systemic diseases. However, little is known about the role of the <i>CMPK2</i> gene in saliva and dyslipidemia. This...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Baiyan Zhang, Akiyo Kawamoto, Masato Nakagawa, Yoshitomo Honda, Kazuya Takahashi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/24/12004
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Summary:Salivary biomarkers are promising molecules for diagnosing systemic diseases. Cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2 (<i>CMPK2</i>) is associated with various systemic diseases. However, little is known about the role of the <i>CMPK2</i> gene in saliva and dyslipidemia. This study investigated the relationship between serum lipid levels and <i>Cmpk2</i> mRNA expression in the saliva of dyslipidemic mice. Additionally, immunofluorescence staining was employed to assess the localization of the <i>CMPK2</i> protein in the submandibular gland. Two types of dyslipidemic mice were utilized: mice fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet and genetically dyslipidemic ApoE-deficient mice. The mice at 9 to 46 weeks were analyzed for serum lipid levels, <i>Cmpk2</i> mRNA expression in saliva, and <i>CMPK2</i> protein localization in the submandibular glands. Both dyslipidemic mice displayed elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol in serum. ApoE-deficient mice apparently exhibited increased <i>Cmpk2</i> expression in saliva. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that <i>CMPK2</i> proteins were primarily localized in the serous acini, potentially associated with the secretion of <i>Cmpk2</i> mRNA in saliva. These findings suggest that <i>Cmpk2</i> mRNA increases and is detectable in the saliva of dyslipidemic mice, providing a viable experimental model to assess the potential use of <i>CMPK2</i> as a biomarker for dyslipidemia.
ISSN:2076-3417