Last Mile Urban Freight Distribution: A Modelling Framework to Estimate E-Cargo Bike Freight Attraction Demand Share

Urban freight transportation is facing significant challenges due to increasing demand, driven by globalization, e-commerce growth, and the adoption of just-in-time logistics. These trends have led to rising vehicle flows in urban areas, negatively impacting sustainability, economic efficiency, and...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Luca Mantecchini, Francesco Paolo Nanni Costa, Valentina Rizzello
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Future Transportation
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7590/5/1/31
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Summary:Urban freight transportation is facing significant challenges due to increasing demand, driven by globalization, e-commerce growth, and the adoption of just-in-time logistics. These trends have led to rising vehicle flows in urban areas, negatively impacting sustainability, economic efficiency, and road safety. In response, cities are exploring innovative last-mile delivery strategies that emphasize sustainability, flexibility, and cost efficiency. Among these strategies, cargo bikes—particularly electric cargo bikes (e-cargo bikes)—are emerging as promising low-emission solutions for urban freight distribution. However, despite their potential, a generalized methodology for estimating their demand share in urban contexts remains underdeveloped. This study proposes a comprehensive modelling framework to evaluate the freight demand share that can be addressed by e-cargo bikes, integrating quantity, restocking service, modal, and delivery sub-models, calibrated using data from a case study in Italy. The results demonstrate that e-cargo bikes could fulfil up to 20% of urban freight demand, depending on the category of goods transported, and underscore the feasibility of integrating e-cargo bikes into urban logistics systems. However, critical challenges related to scalability and cost-effectiveness persist, highlighting the need for further research and reliable cost data to support broader implementation.
ISSN:2673-7590