The cost of COVID-19 vaccine delivery in Bangladesh
COVID-19 vaccination has been instrumental in fighting the pandemic, but evidence on the actual costs associated with delivering these vaccines in resource-constrained settings has been limited. We estimated the cost of delivering COVID-19 vaccines in Bangladesh through five delivery strategies in 2...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2024.2411820 |
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| author | Afroja Yesmin Flavia Moi Tarek Hossain Rachel A. Archer Monjurul Islam Laura Boonstoppel |
| author_facet | Afroja Yesmin Flavia Moi Tarek Hossain Rachel A. Archer Monjurul Islam Laura Boonstoppel |
| author_sort | Afroja Yesmin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | COVID-19 vaccination has been instrumental in fighting the pandemic, but evidence on the actual costs associated with delivering these vaccines in resource-constrained settings has been limited. We estimated the cost of delivering COVID-19 vaccines in Bangladesh through five delivery strategies in 2021 and 2022, including Ministry of Health (MOH) hospitals, non-MOH government hospitals, outreach at Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) centers, mass campaigns, and schools. This was a bottom-up costing study, estimating costs from a payer and beneficiary perspective. We also mapped the funding flows for COVID-19 vaccination activities and analyzed programmatic and financial challenges. The economic cost incurred by the health system to deliver COVID-19 vaccines was $1.05 per dose, excluding vaccine costs. This was made up of a financial cost of $0.29 per dose and an opportunity cost of $0.75 per dose. School-based delivery incurred the lowest financial cost of $0.27, while outreach at EPI centers incurred the highest at $0.44 per dose. The low financial cost per dose is attributed to the high daily volumes delivered at sampled sites, minimal additional resources provided to sites to implement the COVID-19 vaccination program, and a reliance on the existing workforce. Beneficiaries spent an average of $1.63 to receive a single dose of COVID-19 vaccination at fixed sites, with transport representing the largest cost driver ($0.75 per dose). The economic cost to receive one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine was $4.78. Findings can support the Government of Bangladesh to make efficient and equitable resource allocation decisions for vaccination programs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6148b1faa7d24a1da92b9506bdb7988a |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2164-5515 2164-554X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics |
| spelling | doaj-art-6148b1faa7d24a1da92b9506bdb7988a2025-08-20T03:21:46ZengTaylor & Francis GroupHuman Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics2164-55152164-554X2024-12-0120110.1080/21645515.2024.2411820The cost of COVID-19 vaccine delivery in BangladeshAfroja Yesmin0Flavia Moi1Tarek Hossain2Rachel A. Archer3Monjurul Islam4Laura Boonstoppel5ThinkWell, Dhaka, BangladeshThinkWell, Geneva, SwitzerlandThinkWell, Dhaka, BangladeshThinkWell, Manchester, UKExpanded Programme on Immunization (EPI), Directorate General of Health Services, Dhaka, BangladeshThinkWell, Geneva, SwitzerlandCOVID-19 vaccination has been instrumental in fighting the pandemic, but evidence on the actual costs associated with delivering these vaccines in resource-constrained settings has been limited. We estimated the cost of delivering COVID-19 vaccines in Bangladesh through five delivery strategies in 2021 and 2022, including Ministry of Health (MOH) hospitals, non-MOH government hospitals, outreach at Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) centers, mass campaigns, and schools. This was a bottom-up costing study, estimating costs from a payer and beneficiary perspective. We also mapped the funding flows for COVID-19 vaccination activities and analyzed programmatic and financial challenges. The economic cost incurred by the health system to deliver COVID-19 vaccines was $1.05 per dose, excluding vaccine costs. This was made up of a financial cost of $0.29 per dose and an opportunity cost of $0.75 per dose. School-based delivery incurred the lowest financial cost of $0.27, while outreach at EPI centers incurred the highest at $0.44 per dose. The low financial cost per dose is attributed to the high daily volumes delivered at sampled sites, minimal additional resources provided to sites to implement the COVID-19 vaccination program, and a reliance on the existing workforce. Beneficiaries spent an average of $1.63 to receive a single dose of COVID-19 vaccination at fixed sites, with transport representing the largest cost driver ($0.75 per dose). The economic cost to receive one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine was $4.78. Findings can support the Government of Bangladesh to make efficient and equitable resource allocation decisions for vaccination programs.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2024.2411820COVID-19vaccinevaccinationimmunizationcostingdelivery |
| spellingShingle | Afroja Yesmin Flavia Moi Tarek Hossain Rachel A. Archer Monjurul Islam Laura Boonstoppel The cost of COVID-19 vaccine delivery in Bangladesh Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics COVID-19 vaccine vaccination immunization costing delivery |
| title | The cost of COVID-19 vaccine delivery in Bangladesh |
| title_full | The cost of COVID-19 vaccine delivery in Bangladesh |
| title_fullStr | The cost of COVID-19 vaccine delivery in Bangladesh |
| title_full_unstemmed | The cost of COVID-19 vaccine delivery in Bangladesh |
| title_short | The cost of COVID-19 vaccine delivery in Bangladesh |
| title_sort | cost of covid 19 vaccine delivery in bangladesh |
| topic | COVID-19 vaccine vaccination immunization costing delivery |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2024.2411820 |
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