Multi-feature fusion RFE random forest for schizophrenia classification and treatment response prediction

Abstract Schizophrenia(SZ) classification and treatment response prediction hold substantial clinical application value. However, only a limited number of researchers have exploited the multi-feature information derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to achieve sh...

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Main Authors: Chang Wang, Rui Zhang, Jiyuan Zhang, Yaning Ren, Ting Pang, Xiangyu Chen, Xiao Li, Zongya Zhao, Yongfeng Yang, Wenjie Ren, Yi Yu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89359-5
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author Chang Wang
Rui Zhang
Jiyuan Zhang
Yaning Ren
Ting Pang
Xiangyu Chen
Xiao Li
Zongya Zhao
Yongfeng Yang
Wenjie Ren
Yi Yu
author_facet Chang Wang
Rui Zhang
Jiyuan Zhang
Yaning Ren
Ting Pang
Xiangyu Chen
Xiao Li
Zongya Zhao
Yongfeng Yang
Wenjie Ren
Yi Yu
author_sort Chang Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Schizophrenia(SZ) classification and treatment response prediction hold substantial clinical application value. However, only a limited number of researchers have exploited the multi-feature information derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to achieve short-term drug-treatment SZ classification and treatment response prediction. We developed a multi-feature fusion recursive feature elimination random forest (RFE-RF) approach for SZ classification and treatment response prediction. Initially, we computed multiple features, such as regional homogeneity, fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, and functional connectivity. Subsequently, the RFE-RF method was employed to conduct SZ classification. Moreover, we utilized the rate of score reduction (RR) of the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) to forecast the treatment response of individual patients. Finally, we identified the neuroimaging biomarkers for SZ classification and drug-treatment response prediction. This method achieved the classification results (accuracy = 91.7%, sensitivity = 90.9%, and specificity = 92.6%), and the abnormalities in the visual and default mode networks emerged as potential neuroimaging biomarkers for differentiating SZ from healthy controls (HC). Additionally, we predicted the drug-treatment response of SZ patients in terms of their total PANSS scores, as well as negative and positive symptom scores after eight weeks of treatment. Specifically, the abnormalities in the visual network, sensorimotor network, and right superior frontal gyrus are crucial biomarkers for the short-term drug-treatment response of negative symptoms in SZ patients. Meanwhile, the abnormalities in the visual and default mode networks serve as important biomarkers of the short-term drug-treatment response of positive symptoms. There findings offer novel insights into the neural mechanisms underlying SZ following eight weeks of short-term drug treatment. With further clinical validation in the future, this research may provide potential biomarkers and intervention targets for personalized treatment of SZ.
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spelling doaj-art-614162a44f554d87ad41b209a693c3642025-08-20T02:56:16ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-89359-5Multi-feature fusion RFE random forest for schizophrenia classification and treatment response predictionChang Wang0Rui Zhang1Jiyuan Zhang2Yaning Ren3Ting Pang4Xiangyu Chen5Xiao Li6Zongya Zhao7Yongfeng Yang8Wenjie Ren9Yi Yu10School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical UniversitySchool of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical UniversitySchool of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical UniversitySchool of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical UniversitySchool of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical UniversitySchool of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical UniversityHenan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversitySchool of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical UniversityHenan Key Laboratory of Biological PsychiatrySchool of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical UniversitySchool of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical UniversityAbstract Schizophrenia(SZ) classification and treatment response prediction hold substantial clinical application value. However, only a limited number of researchers have exploited the multi-feature information derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to achieve short-term drug-treatment SZ classification and treatment response prediction. We developed a multi-feature fusion recursive feature elimination random forest (RFE-RF) approach for SZ classification and treatment response prediction. Initially, we computed multiple features, such as regional homogeneity, fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, and functional connectivity. Subsequently, the RFE-RF method was employed to conduct SZ classification. Moreover, we utilized the rate of score reduction (RR) of the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) to forecast the treatment response of individual patients. Finally, we identified the neuroimaging biomarkers for SZ classification and drug-treatment response prediction. This method achieved the classification results (accuracy = 91.7%, sensitivity = 90.9%, and specificity = 92.6%), and the abnormalities in the visual and default mode networks emerged as potential neuroimaging biomarkers for differentiating SZ from healthy controls (HC). Additionally, we predicted the drug-treatment response of SZ patients in terms of their total PANSS scores, as well as negative and positive symptom scores after eight weeks of treatment. Specifically, the abnormalities in the visual network, sensorimotor network, and right superior frontal gyrus are crucial biomarkers for the short-term drug-treatment response of negative symptoms in SZ patients. Meanwhile, the abnormalities in the visual and default mode networks serve as important biomarkers of the short-term drug-treatment response of positive symptoms. There findings offer novel insights into the neural mechanisms underlying SZ following eight weeks of short-term drug treatment. With further clinical validation in the future, this research may provide potential biomarkers and intervention targets for personalized treatment of SZ.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89359-5Schizophrenia classificationTreatment response predictionMulti-feature FusionRecursive feature eliminationRandom Forest
spellingShingle Chang Wang
Rui Zhang
Jiyuan Zhang
Yaning Ren
Ting Pang
Xiangyu Chen
Xiao Li
Zongya Zhao
Yongfeng Yang
Wenjie Ren
Yi Yu
Multi-feature fusion RFE random forest for schizophrenia classification and treatment response prediction
Scientific Reports
Schizophrenia classification
Treatment response prediction
Multi-feature Fusion
Recursive feature elimination
Random Forest
title Multi-feature fusion RFE random forest for schizophrenia classification and treatment response prediction
title_full Multi-feature fusion RFE random forest for schizophrenia classification and treatment response prediction
title_fullStr Multi-feature fusion RFE random forest for schizophrenia classification and treatment response prediction
title_full_unstemmed Multi-feature fusion RFE random forest for schizophrenia classification and treatment response prediction
title_short Multi-feature fusion RFE random forest for schizophrenia classification and treatment response prediction
title_sort multi feature fusion rfe random forest for schizophrenia classification and treatment response prediction
topic Schizophrenia classification
Treatment response prediction
Multi-feature Fusion
Recursive feature elimination
Random Forest
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89359-5
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