Anterior cruciate ligament tear detection based on Res2Net modified by improved Lévy flight distribution

Abstract Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tears are common in sports and can provide noteworthy health issues. Therefore, accurately diagnosing of tears is important for the early and proper treatment. However, traditional diagnostic methods, such as clinical assessments and MRI, have limitations in...

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Main Authors: Peiji Yang, Yanan Liu, Fei Liu, Mingxia Han, Yadegar Abdi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05777-5
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author Peiji Yang
Yanan Liu
Fei Liu
Mingxia Han
Yadegar Abdi
author_facet Peiji Yang
Yanan Liu
Fei Liu
Mingxia Han
Yadegar Abdi
author_sort Peiji Yang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tears are common in sports and can provide noteworthy health issues. Therefore, accurately diagnosing of tears is important for the early and proper treatment. However, traditional diagnostic methods, such as clinical assessments and MRI, have limitations in terms of accuracy and efficiency. This study introduces a new diagnostic approach by combining of the deep learning architecture Res2Net with an improved version of the Lévy flight distribution (ILFD) to improve the detection of ACL tears in knee MRI images. The Res2Net model is known for its ability to extract important features and classify them effectively. By optimizing the model using the ILFD algorithm, the diagnostic efficiency is greatly improved. For validation of the proposed model’s efficiency, it has been applied into two standard datasets including Stanford University Medical Center and Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka. Comparative analysis with existing diagnostic methods, including 14 layers ResNet-14, Compact Parallel Deep Convolutional Neural Network (CPDCNN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), and combined CNN and Modified Golden Search Algorithm (CNN/MGSA) shows that the suggested Res2Net/ILFD model performs better in various metrics, including precision, recall, accuracy, f1-score, and specificity, and Matthews correlation coefficient.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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spelling doaj-art-613d308a3e2d4cccb497eb78f9a1940e2025-08-20T03:45:24ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-05777-5Anterior cruciate ligament tear detection based on Res2Net modified by improved Lévy flight distributionPeiji Yang0Yanan Liu1Fei Liu2Mingxia Han3Yadegar Abdi4Department of Public Physical Education, Guangxi Police CollegeShandong Transport Vocational CollegeShandong Transport Vocational CollegeShandong Transport Vocational CollegeAhar Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityAbstract Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tears are common in sports and can provide noteworthy health issues. Therefore, accurately diagnosing of tears is important for the early and proper treatment. However, traditional diagnostic methods, such as clinical assessments and MRI, have limitations in terms of accuracy and efficiency. This study introduces a new diagnostic approach by combining of the deep learning architecture Res2Net with an improved version of the Lévy flight distribution (ILFD) to improve the detection of ACL tears in knee MRI images. The Res2Net model is known for its ability to extract important features and classify them effectively. By optimizing the model using the ILFD algorithm, the diagnostic efficiency is greatly improved. For validation of the proposed model’s efficiency, it has been applied into two standard datasets including Stanford University Medical Center and Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka. Comparative analysis with existing diagnostic methods, including 14 layers ResNet-14, Compact Parallel Deep Convolutional Neural Network (CPDCNN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), and combined CNN and Modified Golden Search Algorithm (CNN/MGSA) shows that the suggested Res2Net/ILFD model performs better in various metrics, including precision, recall, accuracy, f1-score, and specificity, and Matthews correlation coefficient.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05777-5Anterior cruciate ligamentTear diagnosisRes2NetOptimizationImproved lévy flight distributionMRI images
spellingShingle Peiji Yang
Yanan Liu
Fei Liu
Mingxia Han
Yadegar Abdi
Anterior cruciate ligament tear detection based on Res2Net modified by improved Lévy flight distribution
Scientific Reports
Anterior cruciate ligament
Tear diagnosis
Res2Net
Optimization
Improved lévy flight distribution
MRI images
title Anterior cruciate ligament tear detection based on Res2Net modified by improved Lévy flight distribution
title_full Anterior cruciate ligament tear detection based on Res2Net modified by improved Lévy flight distribution
title_fullStr Anterior cruciate ligament tear detection based on Res2Net modified by improved Lévy flight distribution
title_full_unstemmed Anterior cruciate ligament tear detection based on Res2Net modified by improved Lévy flight distribution
title_short Anterior cruciate ligament tear detection based on Res2Net modified by improved Lévy flight distribution
title_sort anterior cruciate ligament tear detection based on res2net modified by improved levy flight distribution
topic Anterior cruciate ligament
Tear diagnosis
Res2Net
Optimization
Improved lévy flight distribution
MRI images
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05777-5
work_keys_str_mv AT peijiyang anteriorcruciateligamentteardetectionbasedonres2netmodifiedbyimprovedlevyflightdistribution
AT yananliu anteriorcruciateligamentteardetectionbasedonres2netmodifiedbyimprovedlevyflightdistribution
AT feiliu anteriorcruciateligamentteardetectionbasedonres2netmodifiedbyimprovedlevyflightdistribution
AT mingxiahan anteriorcruciateligamentteardetectionbasedonres2netmodifiedbyimprovedlevyflightdistribution
AT yadegarabdi anteriorcruciateligamentteardetectionbasedonres2netmodifiedbyimprovedlevyflightdistribution