Detection of GFAP and D‐Dimer in a Point‐of‐Care Test for Large Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke

Background The blood biomarkers GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein)  and D‐dimer have been shown to accurately diagnose large vessel occlusion ischemic stroke. The Upfront DX LVOne is a novel lateral flow‐based point‐of‐care test used for the detection of GFAP and D‐dimer. This study sought to (1...

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Main Authors: Edoardo Gaude, Danielle Murphy, Jakob V.E. Gerstl, Ari D. Kappel, Adam A. Dmytriw, Noah L.A. Nawabi, Saef Izzy, Rodolfo E. Alcedo Guardia, Juan C. Vicenty‐Padilla, Toby Gropen, Nirav J. Patel, David S. Liebeskind, Adnan H. Siddiqui, Alfred Pokmeng See, Mohammed A. Aziz‐Sultan, Joshua D. Bernstock
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:Stroke: Vascular and Interventional Neurology
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Online Access:https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/SVIN.124.001559
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author Edoardo Gaude
Danielle Murphy
Jakob V.E. Gerstl
Ari D. Kappel
Adam A. Dmytriw
Noah L.A. Nawabi
Saef Izzy
Rodolfo E. Alcedo Guardia
Juan C. Vicenty‐Padilla
Toby Gropen
Nirav J. Patel
David S. Liebeskind
Adnan H. Siddiqui
Alfred Pokmeng See
Mohammed A. Aziz‐Sultan
Joshua D. Bernstock
author_facet Edoardo Gaude
Danielle Murphy
Jakob V.E. Gerstl
Ari D. Kappel
Adam A. Dmytriw
Noah L.A. Nawabi
Saef Izzy
Rodolfo E. Alcedo Guardia
Juan C. Vicenty‐Padilla
Toby Gropen
Nirav J. Patel
David S. Liebeskind
Adnan H. Siddiqui
Alfred Pokmeng See
Mohammed A. Aziz‐Sultan
Joshua D. Bernstock
author_sort Edoardo Gaude
collection DOAJ
description Background The blood biomarkers GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein)  and D‐dimer have been shown to accurately diagnose large vessel occlusion ischemic stroke. The Upfront DX LVOne is a novel lateral flow‐based point‐of‐care test used for the detection of GFAP and D‐dimer. This study sought to (1) assess the performance of LVOne against commercially available point‐of‐care test platforms, which independently detect GFAP and D‐dimer (Abbott iSTAT TBI Plasma and LumiraDx D‐dimer), and to (2) assess the diagnostic performance of LVOne in large vessel occlusion detection. Methods Manufacturer‐reported detection thresholds of the LVOne test for GFAP and D‐dimer (213 pg/mL and 600 ng/mL, respectively) were compared against commercial hospital‐based point‐of‐care test platforms using 20 randomly selected plasma samples for each biomarker. D‐dimer correlation between LVOne and LumiraDx was assessed using Spearman's Rank correlation coefficient; GFAP correlation between LVOne and the Abbott iSTAT TBI results were assessed using point biserial correlation. Diagnostic performance of the LVOne point‐of‐care test in conjunction with clinical assessment for detection of large vessel occlusion in plasma samples from 210 patients with suspected stroke was validated. Results There was a strong positive correlation (Rho = 0.86, P<0.001) between the qualitative scoring of the lateral flow test and serum GFAP concentrations. Similarly, there was a significant positive correlation between the D‐dimer quantification and LVOne semiquantitative measurements (Rho = 0.90; P<0.0001). In our cohort of 210 patients with suspected stroke, the LVOne test in conjunction with clinical assessment had a sensitivity of 75% (95% CI, 51%–91%), a specificity of 92% (95% CI, 87%–95%), a positive predictive value of 48% (95% CI, 30%–67%), and a negative predictive value of 97% (95% CI, 94%–99%) for detection of large vessel occlusion. Conclusion Our results validate detection thresholds for the LVOne test in a representative cohort of plasma samples of patients with suspected stroke. Further studies are required to demonstrate the efficacy, safety, and diagnostic performance of LVOne in capillary blood during emergency care/clinical triage.
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spelling doaj-art-613cbb2dfb6a470ea83127a0ff809be92025-08-20T02:02:57ZengWileyStroke: Vascular and Interventional Neurology2694-57462025-03-015210.1161/SVIN.124.001559Detection of GFAP and D‐Dimer in a Point‐of‐Care Test for Large Vessel Occlusion Ischemic StrokeEdoardo Gaude0Danielle Murphy1Jakob V.E. Gerstl2Ari D. Kappel3Adam A. Dmytriw4Noah L.A. Nawabi5Saef Izzy6Rodolfo E. Alcedo Guardia7Juan C. Vicenty‐Padilla8Toby Gropen9Nirav J. Patel10David S. Liebeskind11Adnan H. Siddiqui12Alfred Pokmeng See13Mohammed A. Aziz‐Sultan14Joshua D. Bernstock15CRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge Cambridge UKCRUK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge Cambridge UKDepartment of Neurosurgery Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MADepartment of Neurosurgery Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MANeuroendovascular Program Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MADepartment of Neurosurgery Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MADepartment of Neurology Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MADepartment of Neurosurgery School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico San Juan Puerto RicoDepartment of Neurosurgery School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico San Juan Puerto RicoDepartment of Neurology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham ALDepartment of Neurosurgery Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MAUCLA Stroke Center Department of Neurology UCLA Los Angeles CADepartment of Neurosurgery State University of New York at Buffalo's Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Buffalo NYDepartment of Neurosurgery Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MADepartment of Neurosurgery Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MADepartment of Neurosurgery Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MABackground The blood biomarkers GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein)  and D‐dimer have been shown to accurately diagnose large vessel occlusion ischemic stroke. The Upfront DX LVOne is a novel lateral flow‐based point‐of‐care test used for the detection of GFAP and D‐dimer. This study sought to (1) assess the performance of LVOne against commercially available point‐of‐care test platforms, which independently detect GFAP and D‐dimer (Abbott iSTAT TBI Plasma and LumiraDx D‐dimer), and to (2) assess the diagnostic performance of LVOne in large vessel occlusion detection. Methods Manufacturer‐reported detection thresholds of the LVOne test for GFAP and D‐dimer (213 pg/mL and 600 ng/mL, respectively) were compared against commercial hospital‐based point‐of‐care test platforms using 20 randomly selected plasma samples for each biomarker. D‐dimer correlation between LVOne and LumiraDx was assessed using Spearman's Rank correlation coefficient; GFAP correlation between LVOne and the Abbott iSTAT TBI results were assessed using point biserial correlation. Diagnostic performance of the LVOne point‐of‐care test in conjunction with clinical assessment for detection of large vessel occlusion in plasma samples from 210 patients with suspected stroke was validated. Results There was a strong positive correlation (Rho = 0.86, P<0.001) between the qualitative scoring of the lateral flow test and serum GFAP concentrations. Similarly, there was a significant positive correlation between the D‐dimer quantification and LVOne semiquantitative measurements (Rho = 0.90; P<0.0001). In our cohort of 210 patients with suspected stroke, the LVOne test in conjunction with clinical assessment had a sensitivity of 75% (95% CI, 51%–91%), a specificity of 92% (95% CI, 87%–95%), a positive predictive value of 48% (95% CI, 30%–67%), and a negative predictive value of 97% (95% CI, 94%–99%) for detection of large vessel occlusion. Conclusion Our results validate detection thresholds for the LVOne test in a representative cohort of plasma samples of patients with suspected stroke. Further studies are required to demonstrate the efficacy, safety, and diagnostic performance of LVOne in capillary blood during emergency care/clinical triage.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/SVIN.124.001559biomarkersD‐dimerglial fibrillary acidic proteinlarge vessel occlusionpoint of care diagnosticsprehospital triage
spellingShingle Edoardo Gaude
Danielle Murphy
Jakob V.E. Gerstl
Ari D. Kappel
Adam A. Dmytriw
Noah L.A. Nawabi
Saef Izzy
Rodolfo E. Alcedo Guardia
Juan C. Vicenty‐Padilla
Toby Gropen
Nirav J. Patel
David S. Liebeskind
Adnan H. Siddiqui
Alfred Pokmeng See
Mohammed A. Aziz‐Sultan
Joshua D. Bernstock
Detection of GFAP and D‐Dimer in a Point‐of‐Care Test for Large Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke
Stroke: Vascular and Interventional Neurology
biomarkers
D‐dimer
glial fibrillary acidic protein
large vessel occlusion
point of care diagnostics
prehospital triage
title Detection of GFAP and D‐Dimer in a Point‐of‐Care Test for Large Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke
title_full Detection of GFAP and D‐Dimer in a Point‐of‐Care Test for Large Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke
title_fullStr Detection of GFAP and D‐Dimer in a Point‐of‐Care Test for Large Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke
title_full_unstemmed Detection of GFAP and D‐Dimer in a Point‐of‐Care Test for Large Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke
title_short Detection of GFAP and D‐Dimer in a Point‐of‐Care Test for Large Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke
title_sort detection of gfap and d dimer in a point of care test for large vessel occlusion ischemic stroke
topic biomarkers
D‐dimer
glial fibrillary acidic protein
large vessel occlusion
point of care diagnostics
prehospital triage
url https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/SVIN.124.001559
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