Optimization of Deposition Parameters for Ni-P-WC-BN(h) Composite Coatings via Orthogonal Experimentation and Wear Behavior of the Optimized Coating

Ni–P–WC–BN(h) nanocomposite coatings were fabricated on 20CrMnTi substrates using ultrasonic-assisted pulsed electrodeposition. 20CrMnTi is a low-carbon steel that is commonly used in the manufacturing gears and shaft components. To enhance the wear resistance and extend the service life of such mec...

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Main Authors: Yingyue Li, Zehao Liu, Yana Li, Jinran Lin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Metals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/7/714
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author Yingyue Li
Zehao Liu
Yana Li
Jinran Lin
author_facet Yingyue Li
Zehao Liu
Yana Li
Jinran Lin
author_sort Yingyue Li
collection DOAJ
description Ni–P–WC–BN(h) nanocomposite coatings were fabricated on 20CrMnTi substrates using ultrasonic-assisted pulsed electrodeposition. 20CrMnTi is a low-carbon steel that is commonly used in the manufacturing gears and shaft components. To enhance the wear resistance and extend the service life of such mechanical parts, ultrasonic-assisted pulsed electrodeposition was employed as an effective surface modification technique. The microhardness, phase structure, surface morphology, and wear behavior of the coating were also characterized. An orthogonal experimental design was employed to examine the effects of current density, bath temperature, ultrasonic power, and pulse duty cycle on the microhardness and wear behavior of the coatings, aiming to optimize the deposition parameters. The optimal process combination was identified as a current density of 3 A·dm<sup>−2</sup>, a bath temperature of 55 °C, an ultrasonic power of 210 W, and a duty cycle of 0.7. Under these conditions, the coatings exhibited enhanced hardness and wear resistance. Based on the optimized parameters, additional tribological tests were conducted under various operating conditions to further evaluate wear performance. The results showed that the dominant wear mechanisms were chemical wear and adhesive wear. This study offers new insights into the fabrication of high-performance nanocomposite coatings and expands the application scope of ultrasonic-assisted pulsed electrodeposition in multiphase composite systems.
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spelling doaj-art-613ae85a40764e9fb550c49a082cb6852025-08-20T03:32:32ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012025-06-0115771410.3390/met15070714Optimization of Deposition Parameters for Ni-P-WC-BN(h) Composite Coatings via Orthogonal Experimentation and Wear Behavior of the Optimized CoatingYingyue Li0Zehao Liu1Yana Li2Jinran Lin3Faculty of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University (Binjiang Campus), Nanjing 211800, ChinaFaculty of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University (Binjiang Campus), Nanjing 211800, ChinaFaculty of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University (Binjiang Campus), Nanjing 211800, ChinaFaculty of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University (Binjiang Campus), Nanjing 211800, ChinaNi–P–WC–BN(h) nanocomposite coatings were fabricated on 20CrMnTi substrates using ultrasonic-assisted pulsed electrodeposition. 20CrMnTi is a low-carbon steel that is commonly used in the manufacturing gears and shaft components. To enhance the wear resistance and extend the service life of such mechanical parts, ultrasonic-assisted pulsed electrodeposition was employed as an effective surface modification technique. The microhardness, phase structure, surface morphology, and wear behavior of the coating were also characterized. An orthogonal experimental design was employed to examine the effects of current density, bath temperature, ultrasonic power, and pulse duty cycle on the microhardness and wear behavior of the coatings, aiming to optimize the deposition parameters. The optimal process combination was identified as a current density of 3 A·dm<sup>−2</sup>, a bath temperature of 55 °C, an ultrasonic power of 210 W, and a duty cycle of 0.7. Under these conditions, the coatings exhibited enhanced hardness and wear resistance. Based on the optimized parameters, additional tribological tests were conducted under various operating conditions to further evaluate wear performance. The results showed that the dominant wear mechanisms were chemical wear and adhesive wear. This study offers new insights into the fabrication of high-performance nanocomposite coatings and expands the application scope of ultrasonic-assisted pulsed electrodeposition in multiphase composite systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/7/714multi-composite coatingultrasonic pulsed electrodepositionprocess parameterswear behaviornanoparticles
spellingShingle Yingyue Li
Zehao Liu
Yana Li
Jinran Lin
Optimization of Deposition Parameters for Ni-P-WC-BN(h) Composite Coatings via Orthogonal Experimentation and Wear Behavior of the Optimized Coating
Metals
multi-composite coating
ultrasonic pulsed electrodeposition
process parameters
wear behavior
nanoparticles
title Optimization of Deposition Parameters for Ni-P-WC-BN(h) Composite Coatings via Orthogonal Experimentation and Wear Behavior of the Optimized Coating
title_full Optimization of Deposition Parameters for Ni-P-WC-BN(h) Composite Coatings via Orthogonal Experimentation and Wear Behavior of the Optimized Coating
title_fullStr Optimization of Deposition Parameters for Ni-P-WC-BN(h) Composite Coatings via Orthogonal Experimentation and Wear Behavior of the Optimized Coating
title_full_unstemmed Optimization of Deposition Parameters for Ni-P-WC-BN(h) Composite Coatings via Orthogonal Experimentation and Wear Behavior of the Optimized Coating
title_short Optimization of Deposition Parameters for Ni-P-WC-BN(h) Composite Coatings via Orthogonal Experimentation and Wear Behavior of the Optimized Coating
title_sort optimization of deposition parameters for ni p wc bn h composite coatings via orthogonal experimentation and wear behavior of the optimized coating
topic multi-composite coating
ultrasonic pulsed electrodeposition
process parameters
wear behavior
nanoparticles
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/7/714
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AT yanali optimizationofdepositionparametersfornipwcbnhcompositecoatingsviaorthogonalexperimentationandwearbehavioroftheoptimizedcoating
AT jinranlin optimizationofdepositionparametersfornipwcbnhcompositecoatingsviaorthogonalexperimentationandwearbehavioroftheoptimizedcoating