Sea Surface Temperature Prediction Enhanced by Exploring Spatiotemporal Correlation Based on LSTM and Gaussian Process

The accurate prediction of sea surface temperature (SST) is essential for studying marine phenomena, understanding climate dynamics, and forecasting environmental changes. However, developing a general SST prediction model is challenging due to significant regional variations and the impacts of dive...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zhenglin Li, Qingxiong Zhu, Dan Zhang, Hao Wu, Yan Peng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/5/1373
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850222696182317056
author Zhenglin Li
Qingxiong Zhu
Dan Zhang
Hao Wu
Yan Peng
author_facet Zhenglin Li
Qingxiong Zhu
Dan Zhang
Hao Wu
Yan Peng
author_sort Zhenglin Li
collection DOAJ
description The accurate prediction of sea surface temperature (SST) is essential for studying marine phenomena, understanding climate dynamics, and forecasting environmental changes. However, developing a general SST prediction model is challenging due to significant regional variations and the impacts of diverse climate phenomena. To improve the performance of SST predictions, we propose a hybrid framework that effectively models the spatial and temporal dependencies of SST data with a Gaussian process-enhanced Long Short-Term Memory network. The LSTM module adaptively captures both long and short-term temporal trends in SST variation, while the Gaussian process incorporates the spatial dependency of neighboring data to further refine the predictions. Furthermore, our proposed framework estimates the uncertainty associated with SST predictions, providing crucial information for practical applications. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on the OISST dataset, with a focus on the Bohai Sea and the South China Sea. The results of our framework outperform state-of-the-art methods, validating its superiority in SST prediction.
format Article
id doaj-art-61390eb3c8cb40d8b39ccda00ae4ee6b
institution OA Journals
issn 1424-8220
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Sensors
spelling doaj-art-61390eb3c8cb40d8b39ccda00ae4ee6b2025-08-20T02:06:15ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-02-01255137310.3390/s25051373Sea Surface Temperature Prediction Enhanced by Exploring Spatiotemporal Correlation Based on LSTM and Gaussian ProcessZhenglin Li0Qingxiong Zhu1Dan Zhang2Hao Wu3Yan Peng4School of Future Technology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaInstitute of Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaSchool of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaSchool of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaSchool of Future Technology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaThe accurate prediction of sea surface temperature (SST) is essential for studying marine phenomena, understanding climate dynamics, and forecasting environmental changes. However, developing a general SST prediction model is challenging due to significant regional variations and the impacts of diverse climate phenomena. To improve the performance of SST predictions, we propose a hybrid framework that effectively models the spatial and temporal dependencies of SST data with a Gaussian process-enhanced Long Short-Term Memory network. The LSTM module adaptively captures both long and short-term temporal trends in SST variation, while the Gaussian process incorporates the spatial dependency of neighboring data to further refine the predictions. Furthermore, our proposed framework estimates the uncertainty associated with SST predictions, providing crucial information for practical applications. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on the OISST dataset, with a focus on the Bohai Sea and the South China Sea. The results of our framework outperform state-of-the-art methods, validating its superiority in SST prediction.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/5/1373sea surface temperatureprobabilistic forecastingspatiotemporal correlationGaussian Process Regression
spellingShingle Zhenglin Li
Qingxiong Zhu
Dan Zhang
Hao Wu
Yan Peng
Sea Surface Temperature Prediction Enhanced by Exploring Spatiotemporal Correlation Based on LSTM and Gaussian Process
Sensors
sea surface temperature
probabilistic forecasting
spatiotemporal correlation
Gaussian Process Regression
title Sea Surface Temperature Prediction Enhanced by Exploring Spatiotemporal Correlation Based on LSTM and Gaussian Process
title_full Sea Surface Temperature Prediction Enhanced by Exploring Spatiotemporal Correlation Based on LSTM and Gaussian Process
title_fullStr Sea Surface Temperature Prediction Enhanced by Exploring Spatiotemporal Correlation Based on LSTM and Gaussian Process
title_full_unstemmed Sea Surface Temperature Prediction Enhanced by Exploring Spatiotemporal Correlation Based on LSTM and Gaussian Process
title_short Sea Surface Temperature Prediction Enhanced by Exploring Spatiotemporal Correlation Based on LSTM and Gaussian Process
title_sort sea surface temperature prediction enhanced by exploring spatiotemporal correlation based on lstm and gaussian process
topic sea surface temperature
probabilistic forecasting
spatiotemporal correlation
Gaussian Process Regression
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/5/1373
work_keys_str_mv AT zhenglinli seasurfacetemperaturepredictionenhancedbyexploringspatiotemporalcorrelationbasedonlstmandgaussianprocess
AT qingxiongzhu seasurfacetemperaturepredictionenhancedbyexploringspatiotemporalcorrelationbasedonlstmandgaussianprocess
AT danzhang seasurfacetemperaturepredictionenhancedbyexploringspatiotemporalcorrelationbasedonlstmandgaussianprocess
AT haowu seasurfacetemperaturepredictionenhancedbyexploringspatiotemporalcorrelationbasedonlstmandgaussianprocess
AT yanpeng seasurfacetemperaturepredictionenhancedbyexploringspatiotemporalcorrelationbasedonlstmandgaussianprocess