Label-Free Extended Gate Field-Effect Transistor for Sensing Microcystin-LR in Freshwater Samples
In this study, we developed a label-free biosensor based on aptamer-modified multi-walled carbon nanotube extended gate field-effect transistor (MWCNT-EG-FET) for easy and selective detection of microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a prominent cyanotoxin associated with liver damage, bleeding, and necrosis. EG-F...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/5/1587 |
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| author | Sondavid Nandanwar Songyi Lee Myeongkee Park Hak Jun Kim |
| author_facet | Sondavid Nandanwar Songyi Lee Myeongkee Park Hak Jun Kim |
| author_sort | Sondavid Nandanwar |
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| description | In this study, we developed a label-free biosensor based on aptamer-modified multi-walled carbon nanotube extended gate field-effect transistor (MWCNT-EG-FET) for easy and selective detection of microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a prominent cyanotoxin associated with liver damage, bleeding, and necrosis. EG-FET had two parts: a MOSFET and an extended-gate Au/SiO<sub>2</sub> electrode, which serves as the sensitive membrane. A custom-designed DNA oligonucleotide (5-NH<sub>2</sub>-C<sub>6</sub>-AN6) was used as MC-LR-targeting aptamer (MCTA). MWCNTs were functionalized with MCTA and then stably fixed on the sensitive membrane. The detection of MC-LR in freshwater was effectively achieved within 5 min by assessing the variations in electrical resistance that occur due to the selective interactions between MC-LR and MCTA. The detection limit and analytical sensitivity of the biosensor for MC-LR were found to be 0.134 ng/mL and 0.024 ng/mL, respectively. The sensitive membrane could be readily discarded if damaged, eliminating the need to replace the main transducer MOSFET. The developed sensor exhibits features such as straightforward preparation, swift response, potential for miniaturization, and ease of use, making it an attractive candidate for future integrated lab-on-chip systems for MC-LR detection in freshwater environments. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-613352c220e04b4e8db66af173d60fe5 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-613352c220e04b4e8db66af173d60fe52025-08-20T02:52:49ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-03-01255158710.3390/s25051587Label-Free Extended Gate Field-Effect Transistor for Sensing Microcystin-LR in Freshwater SamplesSondavid Nandanwar0Songyi Lee1Myeongkee Park2Hak Jun Kim3Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of KoreaIndustry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of KoreaIn this study, we developed a label-free biosensor based on aptamer-modified multi-walled carbon nanotube extended gate field-effect transistor (MWCNT-EG-FET) for easy and selective detection of microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a prominent cyanotoxin associated with liver damage, bleeding, and necrosis. EG-FET had two parts: a MOSFET and an extended-gate Au/SiO<sub>2</sub> electrode, which serves as the sensitive membrane. A custom-designed DNA oligonucleotide (5-NH<sub>2</sub>-C<sub>6</sub>-AN6) was used as MC-LR-targeting aptamer (MCTA). MWCNTs were functionalized with MCTA and then stably fixed on the sensitive membrane. The detection of MC-LR in freshwater was effectively achieved within 5 min by assessing the variations in electrical resistance that occur due to the selective interactions between MC-LR and MCTA. The detection limit and analytical sensitivity of the biosensor for MC-LR were found to be 0.134 ng/mL and 0.024 ng/mL, respectively. The sensitive membrane could be readily discarded if damaged, eliminating the need to replace the main transducer MOSFET. The developed sensor exhibits features such as straightforward preparation, swift response, potential for miniaturization, and ease of use, making it an attractive candidate for future integrated lab-on-chip systems for MC-LR detection in freshwater environments.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/5/1587EG-FETDNA aptamercyanotoxinscarbon nanotubemicrocystin |
| spellingShingle | Sondavid Nandanwar Songyi Lee Myeongkee Park Hak Jun Kim Label-Free Extended Gate Field-Effect Transistor for Sensing Microcystin-LR in Freshwater Samples Sensors EG-FET DNA aptamer cyanotoxins carbon nanotube microcystin |
| title | Label-Free Extended Gate Field-Effect Transistor for Sensing Microcystin-LR in Freshwater Samples |
| title_full | Label-Free Extended Gate Field-Effect Transistor for Sensing Microcystin-LR in Freshwater Samples |
| title_fullStr | Label-Free Extended Gate Field-Effect Transistor for Sensing Microcystin-LR in Freshwater Samples |
| title_full_unstemmed | Label-Free Extended Gate Field-Effect Transistor for Sensing Microcystin-LR in Freshwater Samples |
| title_short | Label-Free Extended Gate Field-Effect Transistor for Sensing Microcystin-LR in Freshwater Samples |
| title_sort | label free extended gate field effect transistor for sensing microcystin lr in freshwater samples |
| topic | EG-FET DNA aptamer cyanotoxins carbon nanotube microcystin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/5/1587 |
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