New approach methodologies for risk assessment of urinary occurring toxicants
The reduction, refinement, and replacement of animal-based toxicological studies is becoming an essential requirement at academic, industrial, and governmental levels, turning new approach methodologies (NAMs) from alternatives into necessities. New strategies for hazard characterization and exposur...
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2025-09-01
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| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325009947 |
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| author | Maximilian Jobst Irís Guerreiro Delphine Payros Isabelle P. Oswald Ana S. Fernandes Benedikt Warth Giorgia Del Favero |
| author_facet | Maximilian Jobst Irís Guerreiro Delphine Payros Isabelle P. Oswald Ana S. Fernandes Benedikt Warth Giorgia Del Favero |
| author_sort | Maximilian Jobst |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The reduction, refinement, and replacement of animal-based toxicological studies is becoming an essential requirement at academic, industrial, and governmental levels, turning new approach methodologies (NAMs) from alternatives into necessities. New strategies for hazard characterization and exposure assessment have been developed in this wake, including among others, sophisticated organ-on-chip platforms, or holistic human biomonitoring programs. This review summarizes state-of-the-art methods of NAMs for hazard characterization and advances in exposure assessment in the context of toxicants occurring in human urine. Considering that urine collects a wide variety of excretion products, it can harbor chemically diverse compounds including heavy metals and metalloids, foodborne mycotoxins and phytotoxins, as well as synthetic and process chemicals. Hence, urine analysis is a precious element for exposure assessment and the urinary excretory organs are highly relevant toxicological targets. Especially for environmental or foodborne contaminants, the classical regulatory framework is challenged by natural variability of the producing organisms, climate change, global trade, and obviously heterogeneous exposure landscape related to an individual’s lifestyle and diet. In this light, NAMs represent an unprecedented opportunity to support and speed up risk assessment. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge, in order to identify gaps on hazard profiling for selected urinary occurring contaminants, as well as for their exposure assessment. Furthermore, it aims at identifying the challenges in the field from both the toxicological and analytical perspectives in light of next generation risk assessment (NGRA). |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-612ce38090f24df9a2edc986d86fb53b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj-art-612ce38090f24df9a2edc986d86fb53b2025-08-20T03:36:10ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132025-09-0130211864910.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118649New approach methodologies for risk assessment of urinary occurring toxicantsMaximilian Jobst0Irís Guerreiro1Delphine Payros2Isabelle P. Oswald3Ana S. Fernandes4Benedikt Warth5Giorgia Del Favero6Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna 1090, Austria; Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, Vienna 1090, Austria; University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Währinger Str. 42, Vienna 1090, AustriaCBIOS, Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, Portugal; Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, SpainToxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France; IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse 31076, FranceToxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, FranceCBIOS, Universidade Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Lisboa, PortugalDepartment of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna 1090, Austria; Exposome Austria, Research Infrastructure and National EIRENE Node, Vienna, AustriaDepartment of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna 1090, Austria; Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, Vienna 1090, Austria; Corresponding author at: Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38-40, Vienna 1090, Austria.The reduction, refinement, and replacement of animal-based toxicological studies is becoming an essential requirement at academic, industrial, and governmental levels, turning new approach methodologies (NAMs) from alternatives into necessities. New strategies for hazard characterization and exposure assessment have been developed in this wake, including among others, sophisticated organ-on-chip platforms, or holistic human biomonitoring programs. This review summarizes state-of-the-art methods of NAMs for hazard characterization and advances in exposure assessment in the context of toxicants occurring in human urine. Considering that urine collects a wide variety of excretion products, it can harbor chemically diverse compounds including heavy metals and metalloids, foodborne mycotoxins and phytotoxins, as well as synthetic and process chemicals. Hence, urine analysis is a precious element for exposure assessment and the urinary excretory organs are highly relevant toxicological targets. Especially for environmental or foodborne contaminants, the classical regulatory framework is challenged by natural variability of the producing organisms, climate change, global trade, and obviously heterogeneous exposure landscape related to an individual’s lifestyle and diet. In this light, NAMs represent an unprecedented opportunity to support and speed up risk assessment. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge, in order to identify gaps on hazard profiling for selected urinary occurring contaminants, as well as for their exposure assessment. Furthermore, it aims at identifying the challenges in the field from both the toxicological and analytical perspectives in light of next generation risk assessment (NGRA).http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325009947Urinary tractContaminantsBladderkidneyNew approach methodologies (NAMs)Next generation risk assessment (NGRA) |
| spellingShingle | Maximilian Jobst Irís Guerreiro Delphine Payros Isabelle P. Oswald Ana S. Fernandes Benedikt Warth Giorgia Del Favero New approach methodologies for risk assessment of urinary occurring toxicants Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Urinary tract Contaminants Bladder kidney New approach methodologies (NAMs) Next generation risk assessment (NGRA) |
| title | New approach methodologies for risk assessment of urinary occurring toxicants |
| title_full | New approach methodologies for risk assessment of urinary occurring toxicants |
| title_fullStr | New approach methodologies for risk assessment of urinary occurring toxicants |
| title_full_unstemmed | New approach methodologies for risk assessment of urinary occurring toxicants |
| title_short | New approach methodologies for risk assessment of urinary occurring toxicants |
| title_sort | new approach methodologies for risk assessment of urinary occurring toxicants |
| topic | Urinary tract Contaminants Bladder kidney New approach methodologies (NAMs) Next generation risk assessment (NGRA) |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325009947 |
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