Microstructure and mechanical property degradation mechanism of Cu–Cr–Zr rail after extreme electromagnetic launches
Clarifying the mechanical property degradation mechanism for the rail materials of the advanced electromagnetic launcher is vital for enhancing its life-cycle performance, which remains unclear so far. In this study, detailed analysis was performed on the Cu–Cr–Zr rail subjected to 12 launches to id...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425002923 |
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| author | Chengcheng Li Weihao Li Shiyu Hao Huantong Shi Li Chen Chuncai Kong Feng Jiang Xingwen Li |
| author_facet | Chengcheng Li Weihao Li Shiyu Hao Huantong Shi Li Chen Chuncai Kong Feng Jiang Xingwen Li |
| author_sort | Chengcheng Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Clarifying the mechanical property degradation mechanism for the rail materials of the advanced electromagnetic launcher is vital for enhancing its life-cycle performance, which remains unclear so far. In this study, detailed analysis was performed on the Cu–Cr–Zr rail subjected to 12 launches to identify the key factors influencing the microstructures and mechanical properties. The results reveal significant decreases in the dislocation density and the precipitate size but not the content, and the almost unchanged grain size near the contact surface after the 12 shots. The hardness and yield strength of the rail surface decrease, especially in the middle section. Theoretical analysis proves the dominant role of the elevated temperature and the thermal phonon-dislocation interactions in reducing the dislocation activation energy and density, which lowers the diffusion coefficient and refines the precipitate by dissolution and re-precipitation induced by the extreme conditions. The calculated yield strength aligns well with the experimental data, confirming the lowered dislocation strengthening responsible for the decreased yield strength even with the increased grain boundary and precipitation strengthening. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-612be152cdc24ae4aeb03c96702f0737 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-612be152cdc24ae4aeb03c96702f07372025-02-12T05:31:15ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-03-013534633473Microstructure and mechanical property degradation mechanism of Cu–Cr–Zr rail after extreme electromagnetic launchesChengcheng Li0Weihao Li1Shiyu Hao2Huantong Shi3Li Chen4Chuncai Kong5Feng Jiang6Xingwen Li7State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Corresponding author.State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, ChinaSchool of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, ChinaClarifying the mechanical property degradation mechanism for the rail materials of the advanced electromagnetic launcher is vital for enhancing its life-cycle performance, which remains unclear so far. In this study, detailed analysis was performed on the Cu–Cr–Zr rail subjected to 12 launches to identify the key factors influencing the microstructures and mechanical properties. The results reveal significant decreases in the dislocation density and the precipitate size but not the content, and the almost unchanged grain size near the contact surface after the 12 shots. The hardness and yield strength of the rail surface decrease, especially in the middle section. Theoretical analysis proves the dominant role of the elevated temperature and the thermal phonon-dislocation interactions in reducing the dislocation activation energy and density, which lowers the diffusion coefficient and refines the precipitate by dissolution and re-precipitation induced by the extreme conditions. The calculated yield strength aligns well with the experimental data, confirming the lowered dislocation strengthening responsible for the decreased yield strength even with the increased grain boundary and precipitation strengthening.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425002923Electromagnetic launchCu–Cr–Zr railExtreme conditionsMicrostructure evolutionMechanical property degradation |
| spellingShingle | Chengcheng Li Weihao Li Shiyu Hao Huantong Shi Li Chen Chuncai Kong Feng Jiang Xingwen Li Microstructure and mechanical property degradation mechanism of Cu–Cr–Zr rail after extreme electromagnetic launches Journal of Materials Research and Technology Electromagnetic launch Cu–Cr–Zr rail Extreme conditions Microstructure evolution Mechanical property degradation |
| title | Microstructure and mechanical property degradation mechanism of Cu–Cr–Zr rail after extreme electromagnetic launches |
| title_full | Microstructure and mechanical property degradation mechanism of Cu–Cr–Zr rail after extreme electromagnetic launches |
| title_fullStr | Microstructure and mechanical property degradation mechanism of Cu–Cr–Zr rail after extreme electromagnetic launches |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microstructure and mechanical property degradation mechanism of Cu–Cr–Zr rail after extreme electromagnetic launches |
| title_short | Microstructure and mechanical property degradation mechanism of Cu–Cr–Zr rail after extreme electromagnetic launches |
| title_sort | microstructure and mechanical property degradation mechanism of cu cr zr rail after extreme electromagnetic launches |
| topic | Electromagnetic launch Cu–Cr–Zr rail Extreme conditions Microstructure evolution Mechanical property degradation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425002923 |
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