Evolutionary Analysis of Mammalian ACE2 and the Key Residues Involved in Binding to the Spike Protein Revealed Potential SARS-CoV-2 Hosts
Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2) spilled over to humans via wild mammals, entering the host cell using angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as receptor through Spike (S) protein binding. While SARS-CoV-2 became fully adapted to humans and globally spr...
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| Language: | English |
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Pasteur Institute of Iran
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases |
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| Online Access: | https://jommid.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-436-en.html |
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| author | Luciano Rodrigo Lopes1 Natália Carvalho de Lucca Pina1 Antonio Carlos da Silva Junior1 Paulo- Bandiera Paiva1 |
| author_facet | Luciano Rodrigo Lopes1 Natália Carvalho de Lucca Pina1 Antonio Carlos da Silva Junior1 Paulo- Bandiera Paiva1 |
| author_sort | Luciano Rodrigo Lopes1 |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-
2) spilled over to humans via wild mammals, entering the host cell using
angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as receptor through Spike (S) protein
binding. While SARS-CoV-2 became fully adapted to humans and globally
spread, some mammal species were infected back. The present study evaluated
the potential risk of mammals becoming hosts for SARS-CoV-2 through
bioinformatics prediction based on ACE2 receptors. Methods: We used
evolutionary bioinformatic approaches and comparative analysis of ACE2
critical residues that bind SARS-CoV-2 S-protein and predicted potential
SARS-CoV-2 hosts among mammals and assessed their risk. Results: ACE2
phylogenetic tree placed primates close to rodents and rabbits. Felines, rodents,
and rabbits had higher ACE2 similarities than human ACE2 (hACE2). Farmed
animals, such as bovids, swine, and equids, had similar ACE2 compared to
hACE2; however, these animals showed low SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility. Some
cetaceans also presented high similarities in ACE2 key residues with hACE2.
Conclusion: Here, we showed wild and domestic mammals with a low
divergence of ACE2 compared to humans, discussing their possible chance of
being infected, especially those animals kept as livestock or pets. Regarding the
feasible transmission through contaminated water, cetaceans can be at risk of
SARS-CoV-2 infection. Extensive surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 should be
applied to prevent new coronavirus outbreaks and preserve mammals from
infectious threats. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-612a7cb0326040f8b142780b760c4e19 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2345-5349 2345-5330 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Pasteur Institute of Iran |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-612a7cb0326040f8b142780b760c4e192025-08-20T02:57:08ZengPasteur Institute of IranJournal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases2345-53492345-53302022-03-011011910.52547/JoMMID.10.1.1Evolutionary Analysis of Mammalian ACE2 and the Key Residues Involved in Binding to the Spike Protein Revealed Potential SARS-CoV-2 HostsLuciano Rodrigo Lopes10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0284-2821Natália Carvalho de Lucca Pina11Antonio Carlos da Silva Junior12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6316-8711Paulo- Bandiera Paiva13https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9409-39701Bioinformatics and Bio-Data Science Division, Health Informatics Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.1Bioinformatics and Bio-Data Science Division, Health Informatics Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.1Bioinformatics and Bio-Data Science Division, Health Informatics Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.1Bioinformatics and Bio-Data Science Division, Health Informatics Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2) spilled over to humans via wild mammals, entering the host cell using angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as receptor through Spike (S) protein binding. While SARS-CoV-2 became fully adapted to humans and globally spread, some mammal species were infected back. The present study evaluated the potential risk of mammals becoming hosts for SARS-CoV-2 through bioinformatics prediction based on ACE2 receptors. Methods: We used evolutionary bioinformatic approaches and comparative analysis of ACE2 critical residues that bind SARS-CoV-2 S-protein and predicted potential SARS-CoV-2 hosts among mammals and assessed their risk. Results: ACE2 phylogenetic tree placed primates close to rodents and rabbits. Felines, rodents, and rabbits had higher ACE2 similarities than human ACE2 (hACE2). Farmed animals, such as bovids, swine, and equids, had similar ACE2 compared to hACE2; however, these animals showed low SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility. Some cetaceans also presented high similarities in ACE2 key residues with hACE2. Conclusion: Here, we showed wild and domestic mammals with a low divergence of ACE2 compared to humans, discussing their possible chance of being infected, especially those animals kept as livestock or pets. Regarding the feasible transmission through contaminated water, cetaceans can be at risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Extensive surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 should be applied to prevent new coronavirus outbreaks and preserve mammals from infectious threats.https://jommid.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-436-en.htmlsars-cov-2coronavirusace2mammalswildlife |
| spellingShingle | Luciano Rodrigo Lopes1 Natália Carvalho de Lucca Pina1 Antonio Carlos da Silva Junior1 Paulo- Bandiera Paiva1 Evolutionary Analysis of Mammalian ACE2 and the Key Residues Involved in Binding to the Spike Protein Revealed Potential SARS-CoV-2 Hosts Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases sars-cov-2 coronavirus ace2 mammals wildlife |
| title | Evolutionary Analysis of Mammalian ACE2 and the Key Residues Involved in Binding to the Spike Protein Revealed Potential SARS-CoV-2 Hosts |
| title_full | Evolutionary Analysis of Mammalian ACE2 and the Key Residues Involved in Binding to the Spike Protein Revealed Potential SARS-CoV-2 Hosts |
| title_fullStr | Evolutionary Analysis of Mammalian ACE2 and the Key Residues Involved in Binding to the Spike Protein Revealed Potential SARS-CoV-2 Hosts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolutionary Analysis of Mammalian ACE2 and the Key Residues Involved in Binding to the Spike Protein Revealed Potential SARS-CoV-2 Hosts |
| title_short | Evolutionary Analysis of Mammalian ACE2 and the Key Residues Involved in Binding to the Spike Protein Revealed Potential SARS-CoV-2 Hosts |
| title_sort | evolutionary analysis of mammalian ace2 and the key residues involved in binding to the spike protein revealed potential sars cov 2 hosts |
| topic | sars-cov-2 coronavirus ace2 mammals wildlife |
| url | https://jommid.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-436-en.html |
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