The Loss of English Directional Adverbs: An Empirical Study

Language as a constantly changing aspect of life experiences different changes that include, inter alia, vocabulary, grammar, sounds. Some of the words that were used in Old English are no longer in use. This paper deals with the loss of a number of directional adverbs that were vitally in use in O...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Nechirvan Hassan Jawzal, Rozgar Yousif Omar
Format: Article
Language:Arabic
Published: Salahaddin University-Erbil 2020-10-01
Series:Zanco Journal of Humanity Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://zancojournal.su.edu.krd/index.php/JAHS/article/view/3402
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849341005857292288
author Nechirvan Hassan Jawzal
Rozgar Yousif Omar
author_facet Nechirvan Hassan Jawzal
Rozgar Yousif Omar
author_sort Nechirvan Hassan Jawzal
collection DOAJ
description Language as a constantly changing aspect of life experiences different changes that include, inter alia, vocabulary, grammar, sounds. Some of the words that were used in Old English are no longer in use. This paper deals with the loss of a number of directional adverbs that were vitally in use in Old English while disappeared in Present Day English (PDE). A group of seven adverbs were selected to serve as data for this research. Each adverb is examined separately in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), the Corpus of Historical American English (COHA), and Oxford English Dictionary (OED) to find their frequency, meaning, and the context of their usage within two centuries. The results showed that there was a prominent decline in the frequency of the given adverbs. Nevertheless, the frequency rates fluctuated through decades to reach an absolute disappearance in Present Day English. Due to the lack of the scholarly work on this issue, the reason behind the loss of these adverbs is remained unclear.
format Article
id doaj-art-612713e4e4fc4f2e87728cb3fc2c0a57
institution Kabale University
issn 2412-396X
language Arabic
publishDate 2020-10-01
publisher Salahaddin University-Erbil
record_format Article
series Zanco Journal of Humanity Sciences
spelling doaj-art-612713e4e4fc4f2e87728cb3fc2c0a572025-08-20T03:43:44ZaraSalahaddin University-ErbilZanco Journal of Humanity Sciences2412-396X2020-10-0124310.21271/zjhs.24.3.20The Loss of English Directional Adverbs: An Empirical StudyNechirvan Hassan Jawzal 0Rozgar Yousif Omar 1Department of English Language - Faculty of Humanities / University of Zakho Department of Mathematics – College of Science / Salahaddin University-Erbil Language as a constantly changing aspect of life experiences different changes that include, inter alia, vocabulary, grammar, sounds. Some of the words that were used in Old English are no longer in use. This paper deals with the loss of a number of directional adverbs that were vitally in use in Old English while disappeared in Present Day English (PDE). A group of seven adverbs were selected to serve as data for this research. Each adverb is examined separately in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), the Corpus of Historical American English (COHA), and Oxford English Dictionary (OED) to find their frequency, meaning, and the context of their usage within two centuries. The results showed that there was a prominent decline in the frequency of the given adverbs. Nevertheless, the frequency rates fluctuated through decades to reach an absolute disappearance in Present Day English. Due to the lack of the scholarly work on this issue, the reason behind the loss of these adverbs is remained unclear. https://zancojournal.su.edu.krd/index.php/JAHS/article/view/3402Frequency token, Historical Linguistics, COCA, COHA, Adverbs, Context.
spellingShingle Nechirvan Hassan Jawzal
Rozgar Yousif Omar
The Loss of English Directional Adverbs: An Empirical Study
Zanco Journal of Humanity Sciences
Frequency token, Historical Linguistics, COCA, COHA, Adverbs, Context.
title The Loss of English Directional Adverbs: An Empirical Study
title_full The Loss of English Directional Adverbs: An Empirical Study
title_fullStr The Loss of English Directional Adverbs: An Empirical Study
title_full_unstemmed The Loss of English Directional Adverbs: An Empirical Study
title_short The Loss of English Directional Adverbs: An Empirical Study
title_sort loss of english directional adverbs an empirical study
topic Frequency token, Historical Linguistics, COCA, COHA, Adverbs, Context.
url https://zancojournal.su.edu.krd/index.php/JAHS/article/view/3402
work_keys_str_mv AT nechirvanhassanjawzal thelossofenglishdirectionaladverbsanempiricalstudy
AT rozgaryousifomar thelossofenglishdirectionaladverbsanempiricalstudy
AT nechirvanhassanjawzal lossofenglishdirectionaladverbsanempiricalstudy
AT rozgaryousifomar lossofenglishdirectionaladverbsanempiricalstudy