Feasibility of U-Net model for cerebral arteries segmentation with low-dose computed tomography angiographic images with pre-processing methods

Abstract Subtraction computed tomography angiography (sCTA) can effectively separate enhanced cerebral arteries from similar signal intensity and proximity (i.e., vertebrae and skull). However, sCTA is not considered mainstream because of the high radiation dose generated by the two-scan protocol. W...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Seong-Hyeon Kang, Kyuseok Kim, Jina Shim, Youngjin Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98098-6
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850181890149974016
author Seong-Hyeon Kang
Kyuseok Kim
Jina Shim
Youngjin Lee
author_facet Seong-Hyeon Kang
Kyuseok Kim
Jina Shim
Youngjin Lee
author_sort Seong-Hyeon Kang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Subtraction computed tomography angiography (sCTA) can effectively separate enhanced cerebral arteries from similar signal intensity and proximity (i.e., vertebrae and skull). However, sCTA is not considered mainstream because of the high radiation dose generated by the two-scan protocol. We aimed to solve the overexposure problem by training a U-Net-based CA segmentation model using a low-dose computed tomographic angiography (CTA) image-based dataset with various pre-processing methods to achieve a performance similar to that of sCTA. We optimized a non-local means (NLM) algorithm using the coefficient of variation and contrast-to-noise ratio. In addition, datasets were constructed by predicting the CA mask using a semiautomatic thresholding technique based on region growing method. Then, CTA images of 35 (2052 slices), 4 (248 slices), and 5 patients (594 slices) were used, respectively, for the train, validation, and test sets. To evaluate the performance of the U-Net-based CA segmentation model quantitatively according to the constructed dataset, the average precision (AP), intersection over union (IoU), and F1-score were calculated. For the dataset to which both the optimized NLM algorithm and semiautomatic thresholding technique were applied, the segmentation model showed the most improved performance. In particular, the quantitative evaluation of the low-dose CTA image with the NLM algorithm and the semiautomatic thresholding-based U-Net model calculated AP, IoU, and F1-scores of approximately 0.880, 0.955, and 0.809, respectively, which were most similar to the CA segmentation performance of the sCTA technique. The proposed U-Net model provided CA segmentation results without additional radiation exposure. In addition, the selection and optimization of an appropriate pre-processing methods were identified as essential for achieving higher segmentation performance for the U-Net model.
format Article
id doaj-art-610dff8b83e645fa817351a58c7f45b7
institution OA Journals
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-610dff8b83e645fa817351a58c7f45b72025-08-20T02:17:47ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-98098-6Feasibility of U-Net model for cerebral arteries segmentation with low-dose computed tomography angiographic images with pre-processing methodsSeong-Hyeon Kang0Kyuseok Kim1Jina Shim2Youngjin Lee3Department of Radiological Science, Gachon UniversityInstitute of Human Convergence Health Science, Gachon UniversityDepartment of Radiotechnology, Wonkwang Health Science UniversityDepartment of Radiological Science, Gachon UniversityAbstract Subtraction computed tomography angiography (sCTA) can effectively separate enhanced cerebral arteries from similar signal intensity and proximity (i.e., vertebrae and skull). However, sCTA is not considered mainstream because of the high radiation dose generated by the two-scan protocol. We aimed to solve the overexposure problem by training a U-Net-based CA segmentation model using a low-dose computed tomographic angiography (CTA) image-based dataset with various pre-processing methods to achieve a performance similar to that of sCTA. We optimized a non-local means (NLM) algorithm using the coefficient of variation and contrast-to-noise ratio. In addition, datasets were constructed by predicting the CA mask using a semiautomatic thresholding technique based on region growing method. Then, CTA images of 35 (2052 slices), 4 (248 slices), and 5 patients (594 slices) were used, respectively, for the train, validation, and test sets. To evaluate the performance of the U-Net-based CA segmentation model quantitatively according to the constructed dataset, the average precision (AP), intersection over union (IoU), and F1-score were calculated. For the dataset to which both the optimized NLM algorithm and semiautomatic thresholding technique were applied, the segmentation model showed the most improved performance. In particular, the quantitative evaluation of the low-dose CTA image with the NLM algorithm and the semiautomatic thresholding-based U-Net model calculated AP, IoU, and F1-scores of approximately 0.880, 0.955, and 0.809, respectively, which were most similar to the CA segmentation performance of the sCTA technique. The proposed U-Net model provided CA segmentation results without additional radiation exposure. In addition, the selection and optimization of an appropriate pre-processing methods were identified as essential for achieving higher segmentation performance for the U-Net model.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98098-6Subtraction computed tomography angiographyCerebral artery segmentationDeep learning modelNon-local means algorithm
spellingShingle Seong-Hyeon Kang
Kyuseok Kim
Jina Shim
Youngjin Lee
Feasibility of U-Net model for cerebral arteries segmentation with low-dose computed tomography angiographic images with pre-processing methods
Scientific Reports
Subtraction computed tomography angiography
Cerebral artery segmentation
Deep learning model
Non-local means algorithm
title Feasibility of U-Net model for cerebral arteries segmentation with low-dose computed tomography angiographic images with pre-processing methods
title_full Feasibility of U-Net model for cerebral arteries segmentation with low-dose computed tomography angiographic images with pre-processing methods
title_fullStr Feasibility of U-Net model for cerebral arteries segmentation with low-dose computed tomography angiographic images with pre-processing methods
title_full_unstemmed Feasibility of U-Net model for cerebral arteries segmentation with low-dose computed tomography angiographic images with pre-processing methods
title_short Feasibility of U-Net model for cerebral arteries segmentation with low-dose computed tomography angiographic images with pre-processing methods
title_sort feasibility of u net model for cerebral arteries segmentation with low dose computed tomography angiographic images with pre processing methods
topic Subtraction computed tomography angiography
Cerebral artery segmentation
Deep learning model
Non-local means algorithm
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98098-6
work_keys_str_mv AT seonghyeonkang feasibilityofunetmodelforcerebralarteriessegmentationwithlowdosecomputedtomographyangiographicimageswithpreprocessingmethods
AT kyuseokkim feasibilityofunetmodelforcerebralarteriessegmentationwithlowdosecomputedtomographyangiographicimageswithpreprocessingmethods
AT jinashim feasibilityofunetmodelforcerebralarteriessegmentationwithlowdosecomputedtomographyangiographicimageswithpreprocessingmethods
AT youngjinlee feasibilityofunetmodelforcerebralarteriessegmentationwithlowdosecomputedtomographyangiographicimageswithpreprocessingmethods