Developing and Analyzing the Defect-Based Surface Codes Using Optimization Algorithms

Fault tolerance is crucial for enabling large-scale quantum computations, with surface codes emerging as prominent error correction techniques due to their high error threshold and reliance on nearest-neighbor interactions. Despite the advantages of surface codes, they demand a substantial number of...

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Main Authors: Samira Sayedsalehi, Nader Bagherzadeh, Alberto A. Del Barrio, Guillermo Botella, Ratko Pilipović
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Quantum Reports
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2624-960X/7/2/25
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author Samira Sayedsalehi
Nader Bagherzadeh
Alberto A. Del Barrio
Guillermo Botella
Ratko Pilipović
author_facet Samira Sayedsalehi
Nader Bagherzadeh
Alberto A. Del Barrio
Guillermo Botella
Ratko Pilipović
author_sort Samira Sayedsalehi
collection DOAJ
description Fault tolerance is crucial for enabling large-scale quantum computations, with surface codes emerging as prominent error correction techniques due to their high error threshold and reliance on nearest-neighbor interactions. Despite the advantages of surface codes, they demand a substantial number of qubits to encode a single logical qubit, making them resource-intensive. Two primary approaches exist to encode multiple logical qubits: patch-based and defect-based. This study focuses on the latter approach, which involves creating holes in the surface code for logical qubit encoding. With the defect-based approach, we need to account for trade-offs between the number of logical qubits and the logical error rates, so we employ an optimization algorithm to evaluate the maximum number of logical qubits for a given error rate. Through a series of experiments, we assess the limitations of the defect-based approach and investigate the impact of various hole types on logical qubit encoding.
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Quantum Reports
spelling doaj-art-60f6f2f68bc24ade98fe8bc3e9e9f0df2025-08-20T02:21:57ZengMDPI AGQuantum Reports2624-960X2025-05-01722510.3390/quantum7020025Developing and Analyzing the Defect-Based Surface Codes Using Optimization AlgorithmsSamira Sayedsalehi0Nader Bagherzadeh1Alberto A. Del Barrio2Guillermo Botella3Ratko Pilipović4Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USAElectrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USAFacultad de Informatica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainFacultad de Informatica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainFaculty of Computer and Information Science, University in Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaFault tolerance is crucial for enabling large-scale quantum computations, with surface codes emerging as prominent error correction techniques due to their high error threshold and reliance on nearest-neighbor interactions. Despite the advantages of surface codes, they demand a substantial number of qubits to encode a single logical qubit, making them resource-intensive. Two primary approaches exist to encode multiple logical qubits: patch-based and defect-based. This study focuses on the latter approach, which involves creating holes in the surface code for logical qubit encoding. With the defect-based approach, we need to account for trade-offs between the number of logical qubits and the logical error rates, so we employ an optimization algorithm to evaluate the maximum number of logical qubits for a given error rate. Through a series of experiments, we assess the limitations of the defect-based approach and investigate the impact of various hole types on logical qubit encoding.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-960X/7/2/25genetic algorithmslogical error rateslogical qubitsquantum computingquantum error correctionsimulated annealing
spellingShingle Samira Sayedsalehi
Nader Bagherzadeh
Alberto A. Del Barrio
Guillermo Botella
Ratko Pilipović
Developing and Analyzing the Defect-Based Surface Codes Using Optimization Algorithms
Quantum Reports
genetic algorithms
logical error rates
logical qubits
quantum computing
quantum error correction
simulated annealing
title Developing and Analyzing the Defect-Based Surface Codes Using Optimization Algorithms
title_full Developing and Analyzing the Defect-Based Surface Codes Using Optimization Algorithms
title_fullStr Developing and Analyzing the Defect-Based Surface Codes Using Optimization Algorithms
title_full_unstemmed Developing and Analyzing the Defect-Based Surface Codes Using Optimization Algorithms
title_short Developing and Analyzing the Defect-Based Surface Codes Using Optimization Algorithms
title_sort developing and analyzing the defect based surface codes using optimization algorithms
topic genetic algorithms
logical error rates
logical qubits
quantum computing
quantum error correction
simulated annealing
url https://www.mdpi.com/2624-960X/7/2/25
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AT guillermobotella developingandanalyzingthedefectbasedsurfacecodesusingoptimizationalgorithms
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