Electrospun Silk Fibroin–Silk Sericin Scaffolds Induced Macrophage Polarization and Vascularization for Volumetric Muscle Loss Injury
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) results in the impediment of skeletal muscle function. Tissue engineering scaffolds have been widely developed and used in skeletal muscle regeneration. However, scaffold implantation causes an immune response that endogenously regulates implant integration and tissue re...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/16/2/56 |
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| author | Yuqing Wang Fangyu Ye Xinbo Wei Manman Wang Zheng Xing Haifeng Liu |
| author_facet | Yuqing Wang Fangyu Ye Xinbo Wei Manman Wang Zheng Xing Haifeng Liu |
| author_sort | Yuqing Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Volumetric muscle loss (VML) results in the impediment of skeletal muscle function. Tissue engineering scaffolds have been widely developed and used in skeletal muscle regeneration. However, scaffold implantation causes an immune response that endogenously regulates implant integration and tissue regeneration. Moreover, vascularization is thought to be a principal obstacle in the reconstruction of skeletal muscle defects. Thus, creating a pro-regenerative microenvironment that facilitates muscle regeneration and supports angiogenesis represents a promising strategy for tissue repair following volumetric muscle loss (VML) injury. Previously, the electrospun silk fibroin–silk sericin (SF-SS) film could regulate macrophage polarization and promote neovessel formation. This study aimed to investigate if the electrospun SF-SS scaffold was capable of supporting functional muscle regeneration. The results indicate that the conditioned medium collected from macrophages co-cultured with the 7:3 SF-SS scaffold significantly enhanced the proliferation and migration of myoblast C2C12 cells and improved the tube formation of HUVECs. Data from animal studies showed that the 7:3 SF-SS scaffold significantly enhanced M2 macrophage polarization, vascularization, and muscle fiber regeneration, reduced fibrosis, and improved muscle function after VML injury, thereby promoting the repair of muscle tissue. Therefore, the 7:3 SF-SS scaffold might represent a potential candidate for skeletal muscle regeneration following VML injury. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-60f1e2b27c2d40d0916dbd21e11f2ebc |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2079-4983 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-60f1e2b27c2d40d0916dbd21e11f2ebc2025-08-20T02:44:35ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Biomaterials2079-49832025-02-011625610.3390/jfb16020056Electrospun Silk Fibroin–Silk Sericin Scaffolds Induced Macrophage Polarization and Vascularization for Volumetric Muscle Loss InjuryYuqing Wang0Fangyu Ye1Xinbo Wei2Manman Wang3Zheng Xing4Haifeng Liu5School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, ChinaSchool of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, ChinaKey Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, ChinaKey Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, ChinaKey Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, ChinaVolumetric muscle loss (VML) results in the impediment of skeletal muscle function. Tissue engineering scaffolds have been widely developed and used in skeletal muscle regeneration. However, scaffold implantation causes an immune response that endogenously regulates implant integration and tissue regeneration. Moreover, vascularization is thought to be a principal obstacle in the reconstruction of skeletal muscle defects. Thus, creating a pro-regenerative microenvironment that facilitates muscle regeneration and supports angiogenesis represents a promising strategy for tissue repair following volumetric muscle loss (VML) injury. Previously, the electrospun silk fibroin–silk sericin (SF-SS) film could regulate macrophage polarization and promote neovessel formation. This study aimed to investigate if the electrospun SF-SS scaffold was capable of supporting functional muscle regeneration. The results indicate that the conditioned medium collected from macrophages co-cultured with the 7:3 SF-SS scaffold significantly enhanced the proliferation and migration of myoblast C2C12 cells and improved the tube formation of HUVECs. Data from animal studies showed that the 7:3 SF-SS scaffold significantly enhanced M2 macrophage polarization, vascularization, and muscle fiber regeneration, reduced fibrosis, and improved muscle function after VML injury, thereby promoting the repair of muscle tissue. Therefore, the 7:3 SF-SS scaffold might represent a potential candidate for skeletal muscle regeneration following VML injury.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/16/2/56volumetric muscle lossvascularizationmacrophage polarizationsilk fibroinsilk sericin |
| spellingShingle | Yuqing Wang Fangyu Ye Xinbo Wei Manman Wang Zheng Xing Haifeng Liu Electrospun Silk Fibroin–Silk Sericin Scaffolds Induced Macrophage Polarization and Vascularization for Volumetric Muscle Loss Injury Journal of Functional Biomaterials volumetric muscle loss vascularization macrophage polarization silk fibroin silk sericin |
| title | Electrospun Silk Fibroin–Silk Sericin Scaffolds Induced Macrophage Polarization and Vascularization for Volumetric Muscle Loss Injury |
| title_full | Electrospun Silk Fibroin–Silk Sericin Scaffolds Induced Macrophage Polarization and Vascularization for Volumetric Muscle Loss Injury |
| title_fullStr | Electrospun Silk Fibroin–Silk Sericin Scaffolds Induced Macrophage Polarization and Vascularization for Volumetric Muscle Loss Injury |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrospun Silk Fibroin–Silk Sericin Scaffolds Induced Macrophage Polarization and Vascularization for Volumetric Muscle Loss Injury |
| title_short | Electrospun Silk Fibroin–Silk Sericin Scaffolds Induced Macrophage Polarization and Vascularization for Volumetric Muscle Loss Injury |
| title_sort | electrospun silk fibroin silk sericin scaffolds induced macrophage polarization and vascularization for volumetric muscle loss injury |
| topic | volumetric muscle loss vascularization macrophage polarization silk fibroin silk sericin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/16/2/56 |
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