Presence of P lasmodium falciparum strains with artemisinin-resistant K13 mutation C469Y in Busia County, Western Kenya
Abstract Malaria remains a key health and economic problem, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The emergence of artemisinin drug resistance (ART-R) parasite strains poses a serious threat to the control and elimination of this scourge. This is because artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs)...
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BMC
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Tropical Medicine and Health |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-024-00640-1 |
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| author | Mark Makau Bernard N. Kanoi Calvin Mgawe Michael Maina Mimie Bitshi Edwin K. Too Taeko K. Naruse Hussein M. Abkallo Harrison Waweru Ferdinand Adung’o Osamu Kaneko Jesse Gitaka |
| author_facet | Mark Makau Bernard N. Kanoi Calvin Mgawe Michael Maina Mimie Bitshi Edwin K. Too Taeko K. Naruse Hussein M. Abkallo Harrison Waweru Ferdinand Adung’o Osamu Kaneko Jesse Gitaka |
| author_sort | Mark Makau |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Malaria remains a key health and economic problem, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The emergence of artemisinin drug resistance (ART-R) parasite strains poses a serious threat to the control and elimination of this scourge. This is because artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) remain the first-line treatment in the majority of malaria-endemic regions in Sub-Saharan Africa. Certain single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the propeller domains of Plasmodium falciparum Kelch 13 protein (K13) have been associated with delayed parasite clearance in vivo and in vitro. These mutations serve as vital molecular markers for tracking the emergence and dispersion of resistance. Recently, there have been increasing reports of the emergence and spread of P. falciparum ART-R parasites in the Eastern Africa region. This necessitates continued surveillance to best inform mitigation efforts. This study investigated the presence of all reported mutations of K13 propeller domains in the parasite population in Busia County, Kenya, a known malaria-endemic region. Two hundred twenty-six participants with microscopically confirmed uncomplicated malaria were recruited for this study. They were treated with artemether–lumefantrine under observation for the first dose, and microscopic examination was repeated 1 day later after ensuring the participants had taken the second and third doses. P. falciparum DNA from all samples underwent targeted amplification of the K13 gene using a semi-nested PCR approach, followed by Sanger sequencing. The recently validated ART-R K13 mutation C469Y was identified in three samples. These three samples were among 63 samples with a low reduction in parasitemia on day 1, suggesting day 1 parasitemia reduction rate is a useful parameter to enrich the ART-R parasites for further analysis. Our findings highlight the need for continuous surveillance of ART-R in western Kenya and the region to determine the spread of ART-R and inform containment. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-60e9f5ea585b49fca76c334fb91eebb2 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1349-4147 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Tropical Medicine and Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-60e9f5ea585b49fca76c334fb91eebb22025-08-20T01:50:39ZengBMCTropical Medicine and Health1349-41472024-10-015211810.1186/s41182-024-00640-1Presence of P lasmodium falciparum strains with artemisinin-resistant K13 mutation C469Y in Busia County, Western KenyaMark Makau0Bernard N. Kanoi1Calvin Mgawe2Michael Maina3Mimie Bitshi4Edwin K. Too5Taeko K. Naruse6Hussein M. Abkallo7Harrison Waweru8Ferdinand Adung’o9Osamu Kaneko10Jesse Gitaka11Centre for Malaria Elimination, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Mount Kenya UniversityCentre for Malaria Elimination, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Mount Kenya UniversityCentre for Malaria Elimination, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Mount Kenya UniversityCentre for Malaria Elimination, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Mount Kenya UniversityDepartment of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki UniversityDepartment of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki UniversityDepartment of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki UniversityAnimal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)Centre for Malaria Elimination, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Mount Kenya UniversityCentre for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Control Research, Kenya Medical Research InstituteDepartment of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki UniversityCentre for Malaria Elimination, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Mount Kenya UniversityAbstract Malaria remains a key health and economic problem, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The emergence of artemisinin drug resistance (ART-R) parasite strains poses a serious threat to the control and elimination of this scourge. This is because artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) remain the first-line treatment in the majority of malaria-endemic regions in Sub-Saharan Africa. Certain single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the propeller domains of Plasmodium falciparum Kelch 13 protein (K13) have been associated with delayed parasite clearance in vivo and in vitro. These mutations serve as vital molecular markers for tracking the emergence and dispersion of resistance. Recently, there have been increasing reports of the emergence and spread of P. falciparum ART-R parasites in the Eastern Africa region. This necessitates continued surveillance to best inform mitigation efforts. This study investigated the presence of all reported mutations of K13 propeller domains in the parasite population in Busia County, Kenya, a known malaria-endemic region. Two hundred twenty-six participants with microscopically confirmed uncomplicated malaria were recruited for this study. They were treated with artemether–lumefantrine under observation for the first dose, and microscopic examination was repeated 1 day later after ensuring the participants had taken the second and third doses. P. falciparum DNA from all samples underwent targeted amplification of the K13 gene using a semi-nested PCR approach, followed by Sanger sequencing. The recently validated ART-R K13 mutation C469Y was identified in three samples. These three samples were among 63 samples with a low reduction in parasitemia on day 1, suggesting day 1 parasitemia reduction rate is a useful parameter to enrich the ART-R parasites for further analysis. Our findings highlight the need for continuous surveillance of ART-R in western Kenya and the region to determine the spread of ART-R and inform containment.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-024-00640-1 |
| spellingShingle | Mark Makau Bernard N. Kanoi Calvin Mgawe Michael Maina Mimie Bitshi Edwin K. Too Taeko K. Naruse Hussein M. Abkallo Harrison Waweru Ferdinand Adung’o Osamu Kaneko Jesse Gitaka Presence of P lasmodium falciparum strains with artemisinin-resistant K13 mutation C469Y in Busia County, Western Kenya Tropical Medicine and Health |
| title | Presence of P lasmodium falciparum strains with artemisinin-resistant K13 mutation C469Y in Busia County, Western Kenya |
| title_full | Presence of P lasmodium falciparum strains with artemisinin-resistant K13 mutation C469Y in Busia County, Western Kenya |
| title_fullStr | Presence of P lasmodium falciparum strains with artemisinin-resistant K13 mutation C469Y in Busia County, Western Kenya |
| title_full_unstemmed | Presence of P lasmodium falciparum strains with artemisinin-resistant K13 mutation C469Y in Busia County, Western Kenya |
| title_short | Presence of P lasmodium falciparum strains with artemisinin-resistant K13 mutation C469Y in Busia County, Western Kenya |
| title_sort | presence of p lasmodium falciparum strains with artemisinin resistant k13 mutation c469y in busia county western kenya |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-024-00640-1 |
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