Is There Any Relationship between Trichomonas vaginalis Infection and Male Urethritis Risk? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background. Male urethritis is one of the most common genital tract syndromes. Though the number of patients with urethritis is increasing worldwide, the cause of many cases of non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) is still unknown. Objectives. This study aimed to delineate the association between Trichom...

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Main Authors: Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi, Reza Saberi, Mahdi Fakhar, Najmeh Sadeghian
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2022-01-01
Series:Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8359859
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author Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi
Reza Saberi
Mahdi Fakhar
Najmeh Sadeghian
author_facet Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi
Reza Saberi
Mahdi Fakhar
Najmeh Sadeghian
author_sort Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi
collection DOAJ
description Background. Male urethritis is one of the most common genital tract syndromes. Though the number of patients with urethritis is increasing worldwide, the cause of many cases of non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) is still unknown. Objectives. This study aimed to delineate the association between Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) infection and male urethritis. Methods. The literature was searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using the search terms “urethritis,” “Trichomonas vaginalis,” “trichomoniasis,” and “male urethritis” up to February 2020. Overall risk difference(RD) was applied to assess the relationship between T. vaginalis infection and male urethritis. Results. In total, seven articles were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis study. Our meta-analysis involved the review of case-control studies, including 2,242 urethritis cases and 929 individuals as controls. Among subjects examined for trichomoniasis, in the case group, 211 males were infected, and in the control group, 32 individuals were infected. The overall risk difference (RD) was 0.06, and the total reported p value was 0.00001. Although the result of our meta-analysis was not significant, it was shown that the risk of urethritis is 0.06 more in trichomoniasis patients than in the non-exposed group. Conclusion. Findings from the included papers showed that trichomoniasis is not a risk factor for male urethritis. Although trichomoniasis alone is not the main cause of urethritis, it can be considered one of the risk factors in male urethritis. Therefore, in the future, it is necessary to perform further studies to clarify the detailed association between T. vaginalis infection and urethritis risk in male patients.
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spelling doaj-art-60d60970525e42bca1a404b6d54a2a8c2025-08-20T02:35:19ZengWileyInterdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases1687-70982022-01-01202210.1155/2022/8359859Is There Any Relationship between Trichomonas vaginalis Infection and Male Urethritis Risk? A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisHajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi0Reza Saberi1Mahdi Fakhar2Najmeh Sadeghian3Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL) and Toxoplasmosis (INRCT)Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL) and Toxoplasmosis (INRCT)Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL) and Toxoplasmosis (INRCT)Student Research CommitteeBackground. Male urethritis is one of the most common genital tract syndromes. Though the number of patients with urethritis is increasing worldwide, the cause of many cases of non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) is still unknown. Objectives. This study aimed to delineate the association between Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) infection and male urethritis. Methods. The literature was searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using the search terms “urethritis,” “Trichomonas vaginalis,” “trichomoniasis,” and “male urethritis” up to February 2020. Overall risk difference(RD) was applied to assess the relationship between T. vaginalis infection and male urethritis. Results. In total, seven articles were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis study. Our meta-analysis involved the review of case-control studies, including 2,242 urethritis cases and 929 individuals as controls. Among subjects examined for trichomoniasis, in the case group, 211 males were infected, and in the control group, 32 individuals were infected. The overall risk difference (RD) was 0.06, and the total reported p value was 0.00001. Although the result of our meta-analysis was not significant, it was shown that the risk of urethritis is 0.06 more in trichomoniasis patients than in the non-exposed group. Conclusion. Findings from the included papers showed that trichomoniasis is not a risk factor for male urethritis. Although trichomoniasis alone is not the main cause of urethritis, it can be considered one of the risk factors in male urethritis. Therefore, in the future, it is necessary to perform further studies to clarify the detailed association between T. vaginalis infection and urethritis risk in male patients.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8359859
spellingShingle Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi
Reza Saberi
Mahdi Fakhar
Najmeh Sadeghian
Is There Any Relationship between Trichomonas vaginalis Infection and Male Urethritis Risk? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases
title Is There Any Relationship between Trichomonas vaginalis Infection and Male Urethritis Risk? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full Is There Any Relationship between Trichomonas vaginalis Infection and Male Urethritis Risk? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr Is There Any Relationship between Trichomonas vaginalis Infection and Male Urethritis Risk? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Is There Any Relationship between Trichomonas vaginalis Infection and Male Urethritis Risk? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_short Is There Any Relationship between Trichomonas vaginalis Infection and Male Urethritis Risk? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_sort is there any relationship between trichomonas vaginalis infection and male urethritis risk a systematic review and meta analysis
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8359859
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