Propagation of Gamma-Ray Burst Relativistic Jets in Active Galactic Nucleus Disks and Its Implication for Gamma-Ray Burst Detection

The accretion disks of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) harboring in active galactic nuclei (AGN) are considered to be an ideal site for producing different types of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The detectability of these GRB phenomena hidden in AGN disks is highly dependent on the dynamical evolution o...

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Main Authors: Hao-Hui Zhang, Jin-Ping Zhu, Yun-Wei Yu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2024-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad8139
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author Hao-Hui Zhang
Jin-Ping Zhu
Yun-Wei Yu
author_facet Hao-Hui Zhang
Jin-Ping Zhu
Yun-Wei Yu
author_sort Hao-Hui Zhang
collection DOAJ
description The accretion disks of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) harboring in active galactic nuclei (AGN) are considered to be an ideal site for producing different types of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The detectability of these GRB phenomena hidden in AGN disks is highly dependent on the dynamical evolution of the GRB relativistic jets. By investigating the reverse- and forward-shock dynamics due to the interaction between the jets and AGN disk material, we find that the relativistic jets can successfully break out from the disks only for a sufficiently high luminosity and a long enough duration. In comparison, relatively normal GRB jets are inclined to be choked in the disks unless the GRBs occur near an SMBH with relatively low mass (e.g., ∼10 ^6 M _⊙ ). For the choked jets, unlike normal GRB prompt and afterglow emission, we can only expect to detect emission from the forward shock when the shock is very close to the edge of the disks, i.e., at the shock breakout emission and subsequent cooling of the shock.
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spelling doaj-art-60d244cbf43f4f4989738b6273bae7bb2025-08-20T02:14:39ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572024-01-0197616310.3847/1538-4357/ad8139Propagation of Gamma-Ray Burst Relativistic Jets in Active Galactic Nucleus Disks and Its Implication for Gamma-Ray Burst DetectionHao-Hui Zhang0https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8848-1803Jin-Ping Zhu1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9195-4904Yun-Wei Yu2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1067-1911Institute of Astrophysics, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China ; yuyw@ccnu.edu.cnSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University , Clayton Victoria 3800, Australia; OzGrav: The ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery , AustraliaInstitute of Astrophysics, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of China ; yuyw@ccnu.edu.cn; Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics (Central China Normal University) , Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, People’s Republic of ChinaThe accretion disks of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) harboring in active galactic nuclei (AGN) are considered to be an ideal site for producing different types of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The detectability of these GRB phenomena hidden in AGN disks is highly dependent on the dynamical evolution of the GRB relativistic jets. By investigating the reverse- and forward-shock dynamics due to the interaction between the jets and AGN disk material, we find that the relativistic jets can successfully break out from the disks only for a sufficiently high luminosity and a long enough duration. In comparison, relatively normal GRB jets are inclined to be choked in the disks unless the GRBs occur near an SMBH with relatively low mass (e.g., ∼10 ^6 M _⊙ ). For the choked jets, unlike normal GRB prompt and afterglow emission, we can only expect to detect emission from the forward shock when the shock is very close to the edge of the disks, i.e., at the shock breakout emission and subsequent cooling of the shock.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad8139Gamma-ray burstsActive galactic nucleiRelativistic jets
spellingShingle Hao-Hui Zhang
Jin-Ping Zhu
Yun-Wei Yu
Propagation of Gamma-Ray Burst Relativistic Jets in Active Galactic Nucleus Disks and Its Implication for Gamma-Ray Burst Detection
The Astrophysical Journal
Gamma-ray bursts
Active galactic nuclei
Relativistic jets
title Propagation of Gamma-Ray Burst Relativistic Jets in Active Galactic Nucleus Disks and Its Implication for Gamma-Ray Burst Detection
title_full Propagation of Gamma-Ray Burst Relativistic Jets in Active Galactic Nucleus Disks and Its Implication for Gamma-Ray Burst Detection
title_fullStr Propagation of Gamma-Ray Burst Relativistic Jets in Active Galactic Nucleus Disks and Its Implication for Gamma-Ray Burst Detection
title_full_unstemmed Propagation of Gamma-Ray Burst Relativistic Jets in Active Galactic Nucleus Disks and Its Implication for Gamma-Ray Burst Detection
title_short Propagation of Gamma-Ray Burst Relativistic Jets in Active Galactic Nucleus Disks and Its Implication for Gamma-Ray Burst Detection
title_sort propagation of gamma ray burst relativistic jets in active galactic nucleus disks and its implication for gamma ray burst detection
topic Gamma-ray bursts
Active galactic nuclei
Relativistic jets
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad8139
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AT yunweiyu propagationofgammarayburstrelativisticjetsinactivegalacticnucleusdisksanditsimplicationforgammarayburstdetection